Over the last decade, open data has become a hot topic that researchers and governments all over the world are eager to explore. The term first appeared in a 1995 document from an American scientific agency (Chignard, 2013), but its popularity increased when the U.S. president, Barrack Obama, signed the 2009 Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government, pledging to achieve an unprecedented level of openness in government (Obama, 2009). This memorandum emphasized the importance of creating a system of transparency, public participation, and collaboration through openness.

Urban Data Science