This collection is the result of the work of specialists in various fields of knowledge - geographers and physicists, climatologists and geologists, biologists and economists, academicians, professors, and researchers. The problems and prospects of using energy sources on Earth are considered from the point of view of various theories and concepts, such as thermonuclear fusion, a global energy system based on solar energy, hydrogen degassing of the Earth, and the solar theory of climate change. Estimates of the development of the hydrogen economy and investment costs for the global energy transition are proposed. The publication is intended for a wide audience of specialists in the field of energy, climatology, economics, environmental management, university professors and researchers, students and graduate students.