This article has as its theme the construction of knowledge from Piaget's perspective and aims to recognize the process of knowledge construction and learning in people's daily lives. We sought to highlight, in Jean Piaget's theory, the functioning of the mind and the stages of development that contribute to the construction of knowledge. Identifying learning difficulties and the factors that interfere in this process are the object of reflection in this writing. Although learning is a natural process, the identification of school learning problems and their causes by the teacher requires special attention and continuous and efficient intervention, as it is usually the result of a complex mental activity, in which related aspects are involved. to thought, perception, emotion, memory, motricity, mediation, previous knowledge.