The relevance of the chosen topic is to identify the main areas of activity of Muslim women in the period of early Islam, which are still little-studied areas of science. The analysis of the scientific works of that period made it possible to discover numerous examples of the active work of Muslim women in various areas of scientific knowledge. The beliefs prevailing in our time that Muslim women were deprived of the possibility of creative growth due to religious restrictions do not allow researchers to fully and objectively assess the historical processes within the vast expanse of the Arab Caliphate. An analysis of the literature shows that certain factual material has been accumulated regarding the activities of Muslim women, a general picture of its existence has been recreated, but there are still few exhaustive research works on the study of the history of the activities of Muslim women scientists. This article attempts to show a general picture of the development of the scientific thought of Islamic civilization with an emphasis on the contribution of Muslim scientists to the development of education, science, education in the Islamic world, the flourishing of Muslim medieval culture.