Hottinger’s "Ideal Theory: Helpful Framework or Needless Abstraction?" provides the reader with an understanding of the more theoretical conflicts against which Mills argues. Hottinger provides a clear explanation of the various interpretations of ideal theory before providing an argument for why it is unable to bring us to the finish line, so to speak, in addressing some of the greatest issues of injustice in our world. To do this, Hottinger surveys multiple examples or case studies that package his message quite clearly for the reader.