In Europe, cancer is the second leading cause of death from disease, behind only cardiovascular diseases. Research progress has been reported in scientific publications whose analysis has included bibliometric studies on the content and authorship of scientific activity with emphasis on gender participation. The aim of this work has been to evaluate the gender gap in Spanish cancer research over the las decade by analyzing the authorships in the derived publications and their correlation with respect to i) the integration of the sex and gender variable in the study carried out, and ii) the type of cancer investigated.