ABSTRACT When analyzing the world scenario on obesity, it is evident that this is an urgent health issue that needs to be much discussed. Brazil is part of the group of countries that are at the top of the obesity list, one of the options to start changing this scenario is prevention and focusing a lot on treatment, especially for children, since an obese child has very high chances of taking this obesity into adulthood. This study has the general objective of identifying the benefits that nutritional monitoring brings to obese children according to the literature. To achieve this objective, the methodology used was a systematic literature review. According to what was designed, it worked with a qualitative and structure, that is, it did not use a statistical reference as the basis of the analysis process of a problem. After carrying out the literature review, it was found that nutritional monitoring helps to reduce weight and BMI, therefore it is a great tool in the treatment of childhood obesity. It concludes that nutritional monitoring is essential in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.