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MONEY RELATIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION CENTER OF INTERWAR CZECHOSLOVAKIA (1918–1939)

Authors: Zubko Olha; Koliastruk Olga;

MONEY RELATIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION CENTER OF INTERWAR CZECHOSLOVAKIA (1918–1939)

Abstract

The purpose of the article. Highlighting the spectrum of monetary relations in the Ukrainian emigration center of interwar Czechoslovachchyna through the prism of a share of the «gold reserve of the Ukrainian Peopleʼs Republic» that ended up on the territory of the interwar Czechoslovachchyna; the amount of monetary subsidies within the framework of the «Russian Aid Action» and the bank rates of such currencies as the Czechoslovak krona, Austrian krona, German «gold» mark and Reichsmark, Polish zloty, Soviet ruby and Soviet chervinec. The research methodology is based on the principles of concrete-historical, problem-chronological approaches, principles of objectivity and integrity. The scientific novelty consists in showing the official bank exchange rates of the main currencies of interwar Czechoslovachchyna against the American dollar, their acquisition of the gold standard; the predominance of certain currencies in the wallets of Ukrainians. Conclusions. The «Czechoslovak share of the gold reserve of the Ukrainian Peopleʼs Republic» in the amount of 446000 German «gold» marks was divided into several parts. One part of the funds went to the development of the three most powerful emigrant higher education institutions: Ukrainian Free University (1921–1945), Ukrainian Academy of Economic Sciences (1922–1939) and the Drahomanov Ukrainian Higher Pedagogical Institute (1923–1933). The second part was directed to the publishing of various magazines, journals and bulletins. While the third was spent on the development and activities of such an organization as the «Union of Ukrainian Doctors in Interwar Czechoslovachchyna» (1922–1940). The «Golden Wiener Reserve» was, in fact, a powerful emigration strategic tool, while the monetary subsidies within the framework of the «Ruská pomocná akce» held a tactical line. «Ancillary finances» went to the payment of official salaries and scholarships, the creation of various aid funds with additional payments, public canteens, libraries, public professional associations, and a foreign archive. Emigration finances in the interwar Czechoslovachchyna are also included private funds earned by skilled and unskilled labor in Czechoslovak and Austrian crowns; in «golden» mark and Reichsmark; in Polish zlotys and Soviet karbovantsy-chervintsy.

{"references": ["Chykalenko, Ye. (2016). Shchodennyk (1925\u20131929) [Diary (1925\u20131929)]. Compilation, foreword and comments by I. Starovoitenko. Kyiv, Ukraine.", "Finansovo-ekonomichnyi slovnyk: slovnyk-dovidnyk [Financial and economic dictionary: dictionary reference]. Author\u02bcs team: Union O.S., Kruglova O.O., Savelieva M.O. etc. Dnipro, Ukraine.", "Letilo 40 sorok: Literaturni anekdoty pro vidomykh ukrainskykh pysmennykiv, myttsiv, politykiv ta mystetski y suspilno-politychni podii 20\u201330-kh rr. XX st. [It was flying forty: Literary anecdotes about famous Ukrainian writers, artists, politicians and artistic and socio-political events of the 20\u201330s of the 20th c.]. Ed. by Vasyl Gabor (2015). Lviv, Ukraine.", "Sofiia i Stanislav Dnistrianski. (2018). Lysty. Spohady. Statti [monohrafiia] [Letters. Memories. Artic- les [monograph]]. Edited by Doctor of Arts, Professor Hanna Karas; Comp.: H. Karas, O. Liudmyla. IvanoFrankivsk, Ukraine.", "Zubko, O.Ie. (2010). Stvorennia ta diialnist Ukrainskoho vyshchoho pedahohichnoho instytutu im. M. Drahomanova v Prazi (1923\u20131933 rr.) [Creation and activity of the Drahomanov Ukrainian Higher Pedagogical Institute in Prague (1923\u20131933)]. Dissertation of Candidate of Historical Sciences: 09.00.12. Kyiv, Ukraine.", "Zubko, V. (2018). Yanka Heniiush i Saiuz ukranskikh lekara\u045eu ChSR [Yanka Genyush and the Union of Ukrainian Writers of the Czechoslovak SSR]. Belarusian Institute of Arts and Sciences. Notes 40. New York-Minsk."]}

Keywords

Ukrainian emigration, banknotes, interwar Czechoslovakia

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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