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Se realizó un estudio en la provincia de Guayas sector de Yaguachi, con el objetivo de caracterizar los sistemas de producción arrocero. Se elaboraron indicadores económicos, sociales y ecológicos, adecuados a los sistemas arroceros bajo estudio. La evaluación de la sustentabilidad, mediante indicadores, permitió detectar de forma objetiva puntos críticos en este sector. Los resultados indicaron que uno de los aspectos críticos para alcanzar la sustentabilidad, fue la dimensión ambiental. Según el indicador salinidad, los análisis físico-químicos realizados al agua utilizada para riego son considerados como de medio a alto riesgo de salinidad. El indicador aplicación de agroquímicos, mostró bajos índices por el uso intensivo de plaguicidas y fertilizantes. En la dimensión económica, no se alcanza el nivel mínimo de sustentabilidad, ya que mantienen un sistema de monocultivo, lo cual genera pérdidas de ingresos adicionales y la falta de diversidad de productos que puedan ser utilizados para la venta y la alimentación. En el aspecto social, los indicadores más sustentables fueron calidad de vivienda, grado de satisfacción y relaciones con otros miembros de la comunidad. El nivel de sustentabilidad del cultivo de arroz, el Índice de Sustentabilidad General fue de 2.07.
A study was carried out in the province of Guayas, Yaguachi sector, with the objective of characterizing the rice production systems. Economic, social and ecological indicators were developed, appropriate to the rice systems under study. The evaluation of sustainability, through indicators, made it possible to objectively detect critical points in this sector. The results indicated that one of the critical aspects to achieve sustainability was the environmental dimension. According to the salinity indicator, the physical-chemical analyzes carried out on the water used for irrigation are considered to have a medium to high risk of salinity. The agrochemical application indicator showed low rates due to the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. In the economic dimension, the minimum level of sustainability is not reached, since they maintain a monoculture system, which generates additional income losses and the lack of diversity of products that can be used for sale and food. In the social aspect, the most sustainable indicators were quality of housing, degree of satisfaction and relationships with other members of the community. The level of sustainability of rice cultivation, the General Sustainability Index was 2.07.
Sustentabilidad, sistemas de producción, arroz, indicadores, Sustainability, production systems, rice, indicators
Sustentabilidad, sistemas de producción, arroz, indicadores, Sustainability, production systems, rice, indicators
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