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Project implementation refers to the process of actualizing the investment plan by putting certain specific actions and structures in place in order to operationalize the investment dream and subsequently derive the targeted benefits from the project. Despite the high economic growth, poverty rate still remains high, at 44.9 percent. One of the biggest challenges facing Rwanda is the insufficient investment in infrastructure for energy, water and sanitation, and transportation coupled with the combined pressures of agricultural production, high population, economic expansion and rising energy needs are increasing the environmental stress in Rwanda. This study investigated the Project procurement practices and effective implementation in public institutions in Rwanda, with a case of Water Supply Infrastructure and Services improvement Project in Muhanga-Southern Province. The study applied quantitative and correlative approaches. Target population was 234 employees, and simple randomly sampling technique were used to select 148 respondents as sample size. The questionnaire was data collection instruments and descriptive statistics method and inferential analysis were methods of data analysis. Findings revealed that there is a strong correlation between Procurement Planning and effective project implementation as Pearson correlation is .842**; there is strong correlation between supplier selection and effective project implementation as Pearson correlation is .877**; there is very strong correlation between Contract Monitoring and Control and effective project implementation as Pearson correlation is .964**; and the results show that there is strong correlation between Contract Review and effective project implementation as Pearson correlation is .866**. The p-value is 0.000, which is less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. Based on the findings, research problem was solved, research objectives were achieved, and research questions were answered.