A firm's performance measurement has been the subject matter of discussion for decision-makers as managers, planners, economists, and academic staff since long many years. It is the process of measuring the results of a firm's policies and operations in monetary terms. Financial performance analysis includes analysis and interpretation of financial statements in such a way that it undertakes the full diagnosis of the profitability and financial soundness of the business. This term is also used as a general measure of a firm's overall financial health over a given period of time and can be used to compare similar firms across the same companies or to compare companies or sectors in aggregation. Financial analysts often assess the firm's production and productivity performance, profitability performance, liquidity performance, leverage performance, asset utilization performance, and growth performance. The financial performance analysis identifies the financial strengths and weaknesses of the firm by properly establishing relationships between the items of the balance sheet and profit and loss account. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the profitability position of five leading pharmaceutical companies in India with the help of mean, standard deviation, ratio analysis and one way anova. The study is conducted by taking into account of the data for five years from 2016-2017 to 2020-2021. The Pharmaceutical companies selected for study are Lupin, Cipla, Biocon, Sun pharma, and Reddy. The financial performance of these companies is evaluated and found that the profitability of the selected pharmaceutical companies in India during the study period is satisfactory.