These CSV and R script files are the dataset and codes used for the analysis in the following journal paper: Kohyama, T.I., Sheil, D., Sun, IF. et al. Contribution of tree community structure to forest productivity across a thermal gradient in eastern Asia. Nat Commun 14, 1113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36671-1 Contents d0.csv — Individual tree-stem size data obtained by two censuses in 60 forest plots in eastern Asia plot_id — Plot ID species — Scientific name t1 — Year of the first census t2 — Year of the second census dbh1 — Stem diameter (cm) at the first census*1 dbh2 — Stem diameter (cm) at the second census*1 w1 — Estimated above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the first census w2 — Estimated above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the first census wl1 — Estimated leaf biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the first census wl2 — Estimated leaf biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the second census d1.csv — Species-level biomass, productivity and other turnover rates in each of 60 forest plots in eastern Asia plot_id — Plot ID t1 — Year of the first census t2 — Year of the second census species — Scientific name N — Period mean number of stems (ha−1) B — Period mean above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1) Bl — Period mean leaf biomass (Mg C ha−1) p — Relative above ground biomass productivity rate (year−1) l — Relative above ground biomass loss rate (year−1) P — Absolute above ground biomass productivity rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1) L — Absolute above ground biomass loss rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1) pl — Relative leaf biomass productivity rate (year−1) ll — Relative leaf biomass loss rate (year−1) Pl — Absolute leaf biomass productivity rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1) Ll — Absolute leaf biomass loss rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1) w_max — Period mean above ground biomass of the largest tree (Mg C ha−1) w_99 — The 99-th percentaile of tree above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1) rgr_max — Relative growth rate of the largest tree (year−1) plot_metadata.csv — Metadata (e.g. location and climate variables) for 60 forest plots in eastern Asia plot_id — Plot ID latitude — Latitude in decimal degrees (°) longitude — Longitude in decimal degrees (°) elevation — Elevation (m) area — Plot area (ha) MAT — Mean annual temperature (°C)*2 AP — Annual precipitation (mm year−1)*2 PET — Potential evapotranspiration (mm year−1)*2 annual_litterfall.csv — Annual fine litterfall (i.e. canopy productivity) obtained by monthly litterfall records collected by litter traps during same census period in 22 forest plots plot_id — Plot ID Plitter — Annual litterfall production (Mg C ha−1 year−1) max_tree_height.csv — Tallest tree height for 388 species in 11 forest plots plot_id — Plot ID species — Scientific name H_max — tallest tree height (m) productivity.r — R script for estimating forest-level aboveground net productivity *1 No-record diameters due to death in the second census and pre-recruitment in the first census were set to zero. *2 Climate data for the period 1981–2010 were obtained from CHELSA version 2.1 (Krager et al. 2021 EnviDat, https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.228.v2.1)

These CSV and R script files are the dataset and codes used for the analysis in the following journal paper: Kohyama, T.I., Sheil, D., Sun, IF. et al. Contribution of tree community structure to forest productivity across a thermal gradient in eastern Asia. Nat Commun 14, 1113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36671-1 No-record diameters due to death in the second census and pre-recruitment in the first census were set to zero. *2 Climate data for the period 1981–2010 were obtained from CHELSA version 2.1 (Krager et al. 2021 EnviDat, https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.228.v2.1)