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Deep on Goldbach's conjecture

Abstract

Goldbach's conjecture is one of the most difficult unsolved problems in mathematics. This states that every even natural number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers. In 1973, Chen Jingrun proved that every sufficiently large even number can be written as the sum of either two primes, or a prime and a semiprime (the product of two primes). In 2015, Tomohiro Yamada, using the Chen's theorem, showed that every even number $> \exp \exp 36$ can be represented as the sum of a prime and a product of at most two primes. In 2002, Ying Chun Cai proved that every sufficiently large even integer $N$ is equal to $p + P_{2}$, where $P_{2}$ is an almost prime with at most two prime factors and $p \leq N^{0.95}$ is a prime number. In this note, we prove that for every even number $N \geq 32$, if there is a prime $p$ and a natural number $m$ such that $n < p < N - 1$, $p + m = N$, $4 \cdot n^{2} \geq (n + 2) \cdot \sigma(m) \cdot (p - 1)$ and $p$ is coprime with $m$, then $m$ is necessarily a prime number when $N = 2 \cdot n$ and $\sigma(m)$ is the sum-of-divisors function of $m$. Indeed, this is a trivial and short note very easy to check and understand which is a breakthrough result at the same time.

Keywords

Euler's totient function, Goldbach's conjecture, Prime numbers, Sum-of-divisors function

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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