Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
versions View all 3 versions
addClaim

Nazzâm'a Göre Cevher-i Ferdin (Atom) Bölünebilme Poblemi

Authors: Selim GÜLVERDİ;

Nazzâm'a Göre Cevher-i Ferdin (Atom) Bölünebilme Poblemi

Abstract

Theologians discussed the cosmology they created to explain the relationship between God and the universe over the concepts of substance and accident. Mu'tazila and Ahl as-sunnat theologians argued that the body consists of substance and accident, which they express as atom, 'individual substance, indivisible part'. In the history of Islamic thought, the idea of the individual ore became a generally accepted conception of the universe between the 3rd and 4th (9th and 12th) centuries. However, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Seyyâr an-Nazzâm (d. 230/845) argued that the object, which he defined as "a long, wide and deep thing", could not be divided into a limited number, on the contrary, it could be divided indefinitely. Nazzâm, who rejected the indivisible ore atomism that the theologians defended on the basis of the substance and accident dualism, did not consider it appropriate to reduce the structure of the universe to a single element and presented a completely different understanding of the universe. Mu'tazilite and Ash'ari theologians criticized Nazzâm with a harsh language and accused him of blasphemy, arguing that the individual substance can be divided means the eternity of the universe. Nazzâm responded to the criticisms directed at him by stating that claiming that theindividual substance cannot be divided would mean expressing weakness for Allah. Nazzâm, who tried to overcome the problem that arises by accepting that the individual substance can be divided, with the theory of "tafra", developed a unique imigenation of universe against the concept of substance. In this study, it will be tried to determine the reasons for reaching this conclusion by dwelling on the arguments put forward by Nazzâm, who argues that the individual substance can be divided.

Kelâmcılar, Allah-âlem ilişkisini izah etmek adına oluşturdukları kozmolojiyi cevher-araz kavramları üzerinden ele almışlardır. Mu‘tezile ve Ehl-i sünnet kelâmcıları cismin, atom, ‘cevher-i fert, cüz-ü lâ- yetecezzâ’ şeklinde ifade ettikleri cevher ve arazdan oluştuğunu savunmuşlardır. İslam düşünce tarihinde cevher-i ferd düşüncesi 3. ve 4 (9. ve 12.) yüzyıllar arasında genel kabul gören bir âlem tasavvuru haline gelmiştir. Ancak Mu‘tezilî kelâmcı Ebû İshâk İbrâhîm b. Seyyâr en-Nazzâm, (ö. 230/845) “uzun, geniş ve derin şey” olarak ifade ettiği cismin, sınırlı sayıda değil aksine sonsuzca dek bölünebileceğini savunmuştur. Kelâmcıların, cevher-araz düalizmi temelinde savundukları bölünemeyen cevher atomculuğunu reddeden Nazzâm, âlemin yapısının tek bir öğeye indirgenmesini isabetli görmemiş ve tamamen farklı bir âlem anlayışı ortaya koymuştur. Mu‘tezilî ve Eş‘arî kelâmcılar, cevher-i ferdin bölünebileceğini savunmanın âlemin ezeliliği anlamına geldiğini ileri sürerek Nazzâm’ı sert bir dille eleştirmiş ve küfürle itham etmişlerdir. Nazzâm, cevher-i ferdin bölünemeyeceğini iddia etmenin Allah için acziyet ifade etmek anlamına geleceğini belirterek kendisine yöneltilen eleştirilere cevap vermiştir. Cevher-i ferdin bölünebileceğini kabul etmekle ortaya çıkan problemi “tafra” teorisiyle aşmaya çalışan Nazzâm, cevher anlayışına karşı kendine özgü bir âlem tasavvuru geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada cevher-i ferdin bölünebileceğini savunan Nazzâm’ın ileri sürdüğü argümanlar üzerinde durarak hangi gerekçelerle bu sonuca ulaştığı tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Keywords

Kelâm, Atom, Cevher-i ferd, Tafra, Nazzâm., Kelam;Cever-i Ferd;Atom;Nazzam;Tafra, Kalam;İndividual Substance;Atom;Tafra

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    OpenAIRE UsageCounts
    Usage byUsageCounts
    visibility views 14
    download downloads 12
  • 14
    views
    12
    downloads
    Powered byOpenAIRE UsageCounts
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
visibility
download
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
OpenAIRE UsageCountsViews provided by UsageCounts
downloads
OpenAIRE UsageCountsDownloads provided by UsageCounts
0
Average
Average
Average
14
12
Green