Mantidactylus katae sp. nov. Identity and justification.— This lineage has been considered as confirmed candidate species M. sp. 28 by Vieites et al. (2009) and M. sp. Ca28 by Perl et al. (2014). It was reported as ‘ Mantidactylus sp. aff. betsileanus “slow calls”’ by Glaw and Vences (2007), and has previously been considered as M. multiplicatus (e.g. Poth et al. 2012, 2013); however, DNA barcodes obtained in the present study have shown that this assignment was wrong and that the holotype of M. multiplicatus is conspecific with M. betsileanus, and the nomen therefore a junior synonym of M. betsileanus (see account of that species). Mantidactylus katae is a widespread species with a unique call, characterized by a very low pulse repetition rate (or rather, consisting of a single-pulse note repeated regularly). It also is genetically distinct in mitochondrial DNA and does not appear to share Rag-1 haplotypes with other similar species, including the sympatric (and syntopic) M. betsileanus. Unfortunately, due to failure of other samples, M. katae sp. nov. is only represented by two individuals from the South East of Madagascar in our phylogenomic tree, from where no reliable call recordings are available. The samples (FGZC 163 and ZCMV 14842) cluster closely with M. tripunctatus. However, these samples correspond to those alleles that also in the Rag-1 haplotype network cluster close to M. tripunctatus, and we cannot exclude that they represent individuals of M. tripunctatus with an introgressed M. katae mitochondrial genome. The exact phylogenetic position of M. katae therefore remains in need of confirmation; the phylogenetic tree of Wollenberg et al. (2011), based on multiple mitochondrial genes, placed it (as M. sp. 28) in a clade with M. noralottae and M. tripunctatus (as M. sp. 29), which would agree with the affinities suggested by our phylogenomic tree. Typical M. katae from the Southern Central East and Northern Central East of Madagascar differ from both M. noralottae and M. tripunctatus very strongly in advertisement call structure, by femoral gland morphology, and do not share Rag-1 haplotypes with these two species, thus leaving no doubt about the species status of this lineage. Holotype.— ZSM 79/2002 (FGMV 2001.1179), an adult male, collected by M. Vences on 1 December 2001 at Andasibe (ca 18.9333°S, ca 048.4167°E, 920 m a.s.l.), Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Madagascar. A 16S barcode sequence of the holotype was obtained in this study and was included in the analysis. Paratypes.— A total of 17 paratypes: ZSM 79– 81; 83/2002 (FGMV 2001.1197 = 2002.G24; FGMV 2001.1180 = 2002.G25; FGMV 2001.1275 = 2002.G66; FGMV 2001.1173 = 2002.G18), two adult females and two adult males, collected by M. Vences on 1–5 December 2001 at Andasibe (ca 18.9333°S, 048.4167°E, 920 m a.s.l.); ZSM 637/2003 (FG / MV 2002.132), adult male, collected by F. Glaw, M. Puente, L. Raharivololoniaina, M. Teschke (née Thomas), and D.R. Vieites on 15 January 2003 beside a small brook in Ranomafana National Park (21.250°S, 047.450°E, 932 m a.s.l.); ZSM 668/2003 (FG / MV 2002.255), adult male, collected by F. Glaw, M. Puente, L. Raharivololoniaina, M. Teschke (née Thomas), and D.R. Vieites on 16 January 2003 in Ranomafana National Park (21.250°S, 047.450°E, 932 m a.s.l.); ZSM 708/2003 (FG / MV 2002.348), adult male, collected by F. Glaw, M. Puente, L. Raharivololoniaina, M. Teschke (née Thomas), and D.R. Vieites on 20 January 2003 at Kidonafo Bridge, Ranomafana (21.2262°S, 047.3696°E, 1152 m a.s.l.); ZSM 196/2021 (FAZC 15504, extraction ACP 3659, tissue ACZC 8591), ZSM 197/2021 (FAZC 15507, ACP 3662, ACZC 8594), and MRSN A7043 (FAZC 15523, ACP 3662, ACZC 8594), two males and one female collected at Maromizaha (18.9771°S, 048.4682°E, ca 1000 m a.s.l.), in January 2017 by E. Coppola; ZMB 81918 (JCR 105), adult male collected on 16 March 2010 by J.C. Riemann, and S.H. Ndriantsoa at Andalangina, Ranomafana area (21.29844°S, 047.60343°E, 480 m a.s.l.); ZMB 81920 (field NSH 1069; GenBank JCR 1069), adult female, collected on 12 May 2010 by J.C. Riemann, and S.H. Ndriantsoa at Ambatovory, Ranomafana area (21.23966°S, 047.42581°E, 953 m a.s.l.); ZMB 81922 (field NSH 2577; GenBank JCR 2577), adult male, collected on 26 March 2012 by J.C. Riemann, and S.H. Ndriantsoa at Sahamalaotra, Ranomafana area (21.23688°S, 047.39887°E); UADBA-A 43149 (JCR 106), adult male collected on 16 March 2010 by J.C. Riemann, and S.H. Ndriantsoa at Andalangina, Ranomafana area (21.29844°S, 047.60343°E, 480 m a.s.l.); UADBA-A 62106 (JCR 245), subadult collected on 21 April 2010 by J.C. Riemann, and S.H. Ndriantsoa atAmbolo, Ranomafana area (21.26386°S, 047.50862°E, 643 m a.s.l.); UADBA-A 62104 (JCR 320), adult female collected on 21 May 2010 by J.C. Riemann, and S.H. Ndriantsoa at Ambolo, Ranomafana area (21.26307°S, 047.50696°E, 660 m a.s.l.); UADBA-A 62105 (JCR 323), adult female collected on 21 May 2010 by J.C. Riemann, and S.H. Ndriantsoa at Ambolo, Ranomafana area (21.26307°S, 047.50696°E, 660 m a.s.l.). Additional material.— The following specimens are assigned to M. katae sp. nov. based on morphology, but have not been DNA barcoded: ZMA 20232 (ZCMV 236), adult male, collected by M. Vences and I. de la Riva on 24 January 2004 at Ranomafana National Park, Maharira base camp (21.3258°S, 047.4024°E, 1248 m a.s.l.); ZFMK 62212, adult female, collected by F. Glaw, D. Rakotomalala, and F. Ranaivojaona on 10 March 1996 at Andasibe; ZMA 6828-863; 6828-864, adult male and female, collected on 23 September 1972, and ZMA 6886-641–643, three adult males, collected by R.M.A. Blommers-Schl̂ sser on 4 April 1972 at Andasibe; ZMA 6833-149 and 6833-156–158, two adult females and two adult males, collected by R.M.A. Blommers-Schl ̂sser on 1 July 1971 at Ranomafana. Furthermore, the following specimen (included in our phylogenomic analysis) from the South of Madagascar agrees with M. katae sp. nov. in mitochondrial DNA but due to the absence of bioacoustic data from this population, its identity is in need of confirmation: ZSM 91/2004 (FGZC 163), adult male, collected by F. Glaw, M. Puente, M. Thomas and R. Randrianiaina on 31 January 2004 at ‘Camp 1’ between Isaka and Eminiminy, Andohahela (24.7586°S, 046.8542°E, 247 m a.s.l.). Diagnosis.— Mantidactylus katae sp. nov. is a member of the M. betsileanus clade, related to M. noralottae and M. tripunctatus. See Table 4 for a list of diagnostic morphological characters. The combination of a relatively small body size (male SVL 22–27 mm), slightly tubercular dorsal skin with distinct continuous dorsolateral ridges, absence of white spots on flanks, presence of a white marking on snout tip, large femoral glands (FGW up to 13% of SVL) that contact each other medially, and advertisement call consisting of a single pulse repeated at a slow rate of 10–16 calls per second distinguishes M. katae sp. nov. from species of all other clades.The only other species with a similar advertisement call structure is M. fergusoni sp. nov. which has a larger size and more tubercular dorsal skin (see account of that species below). Within the M. betsileanus clade, the new species can be distinguished from all other species by its unique call structure and larger femoral glands (Table 4); furthermore from M. noralottae by smaller size of males and presence of a distinct white marking on snout. For a field diagnosis from the syntopic species M. betsileanus, according to our measurements, M. katae differs by a smaller dot on the snout tip (dot on the snout tip is 9–14% of head width vs 13–24%), a smaller distance between the femoral glands (distance between the femoral glands is 0– 14% of SVL vs 13–22%), larger femoral glands (femoral gland length is 19–31% of SVL vs 13–22%), and a higher number of granules per femoral gland (5–8 vs 1–5). For a detailed distinction from other new species described herein, see the respective species accounts. A full list of molecular diagnostic sites in the 16S gene of M. katae sp. nov. in pairwise comparisons to all other Brygoomantis species is provided as Supplementary appendix. Description of the holotype.—Adult male in good state of preservation (Fig. 33). Some muscle tissue removed from right thigh. Femoral glands partly detached for examination in internal view. Body relatively slender. Head slightly wider than body. Snout rounded in dorsal view, slightly truncate in lateral view. Nostrils directed laterally, slightly protuberant, nearer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis weakly recognisable, slightly concave; loreal region slightly concave. Tympanum distinct, slightly wider than high, horizontal diameter of tympanum73% of horizontal eye diameter.Supratympanic fold rather distinct, running rather straight from behind eye and bending about 45° about midway towards forelimb insertion. Tongue ovoid, distinctly bifid. Maxillary teeth present. Vomerine teeth form two rounded aggregations, positioned posterolateral to choanae. Choanae rounded. Subarticular tubercles single. Inner and outer metacarpal tubercles present. Fingers without webbing. Relative length of fingers: I

Published as part of Scherz, Mark D., Crottini, Angelica, Hutter, Carl R., Hildenbrand, Andrea, Andreone, Franco, Fulgence, Thio Rosin, Köhler, Gunther, Ndriantsoa, Serge Herilala, Ohler, Annemarie, Preick, Michaela, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Rancilhac, Loïs, Raselimanana, Achille P., Riemann, Jana C., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rosa, Gonçalo M., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Vieites, David R., Köhler, Jörn, Hofreiter, Michael, Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel, 2022, An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar, pp. 113-311 in Megataxa 7 (2) on pages 229-233, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7441023