Choristoneura fumiferana belongs to a group of closely related North American species of scrollworms that are dangerous pests of coniferous trees. There is a risk of importing preimaginal stages (mainly larvae and pupae) with plant material. Under the current climatic conditions of our country, this species can establish itself practically throughout the country. However, taking into account the fact that the species in its natural range inhabits areas with harsher climate, taking into account the warming of Poland's climate, it would find the most favorable conditions for development in the northeastern part of the country and in the areas of mountains and foothills. There is also a high risk that in a new area, with low environmental resistance, there could be a rapid onset of mass appearances of this pest, which in North America occur every few decades. They persist for several consecutive seasons, with mass die-offs of conifers in areas covering thousands of hectares. If this species adapts to feeding on native coniferous species, especially pine and spruce, the potential losses in our stands could be very high. In order to prevent the infestation of C. fumiferana in Poland, a ban on the import of conifers and conifer parts from areas colonized by this species in its natural range should be maintained. If the first outbreaks of occurrence are detected, their immediate eradication should be achieved using using insecticides.

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