This article substantiates the first school of the Russian system for local children that opened in the history of Turkestan, which was opened in Samarkand on January 14, 1870. Although this is not mentioned in official correspondence, the need to train translators for the Russian administration was one of the main reasons for the creation of this school . This school was created on the personal initiative of Abramov, and its creation in Samarkand indicates that even in matters of public education in the Zarafshan province, general Turkestan rules were dispensed with. It is based on the fact that the school served as a model for schools of the Russian system established in other parts of the country. Also, the study of administrative documents related to the first school of the Russian system founded in Samarkand shows that the main task of the Russian administration established in the province was not only the military subordination of this country, but also the moral and cultural rapprochement of the local population with the Russian authorities. Index Terms: Turkestan region, Russia, Samarkand, local children, Russian system, school, Russian administration, translator, Zarafshan province, public education, country, local population.