The article presents extensive information about climatic and soil indicators, as well as the soil composition of the newly created Karabakh Economic Region. The given data cover the preoccupation period, except for some districts, modern total data are described. Investigated soils of the Karabakh Economic Region, the state of their use in the rural economy, the composition of the soil cover. On the basis of indicators of the internal diagnostics of soils, distributed over the economic district, the assessment of administrative districts was carried out, and the DEM and soil map were prepared based on modern technologies on the GIS platform. Also, the results of the soil and climatic conditions of the new economic district were analyzed, an ecological assessment was carried out and a map was compiled. The results of the conducted scientific research proved the essence of relying on scientific principles in increasing the flexibility of the rational use of agricultural lands for carrying out restoration and construction works on territories freed from occupation.