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Electrical Conductivity Measurements for Improved Metal Recycling Efficiency

Authors: Boeykens, Pieter-Jan; Bellemans, Inge; Verbeken, Kim;

Electrical Conductivity Measurements for Improved Metal Recycling Efficiency

Abstract

In order to make the transition towards a circular economy, more emphasis is put on recycling of materials and improving the existing recycling processes. For metal recycling, the first step is typically a high temperature pyrometallurgical process (T > 1000 degrees C). Within this process, impurities in the liquid metal are oxidized to metal oxides which end up in the liquid slag phase. This slag phase is made processable via additions of sand (SiO2) and lime (CaO) to the furnace. The current project focusses on the recycling of precious metals via the copper smelting process as copper is typically used as collector metal for gold, silver, platinum… One issue regarding the copper smelting process is the existence of metal losses to the slag which limits the process efficiency. These metal losses can be both chemical, e.g. copperoxide, or mechanical via the entrainment of metallic droplets. Both problems could be solved via a submerged arc electrical furnace which can serve as both a decantation and reduction furnace. Within this furnace, electrodes are immersed in the slag and the electrical current from these electrodes is converted to heat via the Joule effect. Essential in this type of heating is the slag’s resistance and thus its dependency on the slag’s electrical conductivity, which makes it an important process parameter. Unfortunately, electrical conductivity data is limited for secondary copper smelter slags. Therefore, an experimental setup and methodology was developed and tested for a simple binary SiO2-PbO system which was already investigated by several authors via a two-electrode setup. Our tests concluded that our results agree with those obtained from literature in terms of their absolute value, the temperature dependency and PbO content even though a different setup was used. Therefore, it was concluded that valid experimental data can be obtained via our setup and methodology.

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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