The article deals with aspects of freedom of speech as the most important phenomenon of social development. The main formulations of the concept of "freedom of speech" in the modern context and socio-philosophical interpretation are given. It is noted that a certain level of freedom of speech is required for the formation of sustainable development of society, the preservation of tolerance and stability. It is pointed out that freedom of speech differs from permissiveness and the main condition for the democratization of society is a delicate balance between freedom of expression and the preservation of self-esteem of minorities. The basic requirements of an adequate theory of freedom of speech are given.