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The Role of Mini Gastric Bypass in the Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: Ayeni G; Ejoba R; Larayetan R A;

The Role of Mini Gastric Bypass in the Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Cucumber fruit (C. sativus) has since time past consumed as one of the major nutrients provider to a large population across the globe. However, there are traces of anti-nutrients, mineral elements and phytochemicals substances of interest that are responsible for dual functions; reduction of nutrients bioavailability and protective roles. Specific objectives: The objectives of this research is to investigate the antinutrient potential, minerals and phyto-constituents of the dried-sample of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Materials and Methods: Fresh cucumber fruits were washed with clean water, diced, dried in the oven, due to its high water content. It was macerated with mortal and pestle. The resultant sample was used for anti-nutrients, minerals and phytochemicals screening. Conclusion: The in vitro investigation conducted in this research confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, phytate, oxalate, carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, moisture content, potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) in different proportions. These findings ascribed to cucumber a reservoir of medicinally important constituents, better energy source, inhibitors and activators of biological processes. Key words: Anti-nutrients, Cucumber, Mineral elements, Phyto-constituents REFERENCES Akindahunsi, A. A and Salawu, S. O. (2005). Phytochemical screening of Nutrients and Anti nutrients Composition of Selection. Tropical Green Leafy Vegetables. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4(6):497-501. Aletor, V. A and Adeogun, O. A. (1995). Nutrients and Anti-nutrient component of same Tropical Leafy Vegetable. Food chemistry. 54 (4): 375-379. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (A.O.A.C). (1990). Official analysis (15th edition). Washington D.C. Pp: 34-61. Association of official analytical chemist, (2007). Official methods of analysis 18th edition Washington D.C. Pp: 774-783. Ayoola, P. B., Adeyeye, A., Adelowo, F; Onawumi, O. O. (2012). Evaluation of the Chemical and Nutritional Values of Some Nigerian Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Journal of Laboratory Science. Volume 1, number 1; Pp 37 – 41. Binta, R and Khetarpaul, N. (1997). Probiotic Fermentation: Effect on Anti-nutrients and Digestability of Starch and Protein of Indigenous Developed Food Mixture. Journal of Nutritional Health, Pp: 139-147. Egan, H., Kirk, R.S. and Sawyer, R. (1981). Pearson’s Chemical Analysis of Foods. 8th Edition. Churchill, Livingstone, New York. El-Olemyl, M. M., Al-Muhtadi, F. J and A. A. Afifi, (1994): Experimental Phytochemistry, A Laboratory Manual. King Saud University Press., UK., Pp:1-134. Fasset, D. W. (1996). Oxalate. In: Toxicants occurring Naturally in Foods. National Academy of Science Research Council, Washington D. C. U.S.A. Godwin, T. W. and Mercer, E. I. (1993): Introduction to Plant Biochemistry, 2nd edition. Pergamon Press Oxford, Pp: 400-480. Hallberg L., Brune M., Erlandsson M., Sandberg A-S & Rossander- Hulten, L. (1991). Calcium: Effect of different amounts on nonheme- and heme-iron absorption in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53: 112-119. Harbone, J.B. (1998): Phytochemcial methods A Guide to modern Technique of plant analysis, 3rd edition Chapman and Hill London, Pp:185-189. Harborne, J.B. (1973). Phytochemical methods. A guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall London P: 1. Igile G.O. (1996). Phytochemical and Biological Studies on some constituents of Vernoni amygdalina (Compositae) Leaves. Ph.D Thesis. Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Ladeji, O., Akin, C.U and Umaru, H. A. (2004). Level of Anti-nutrientional Factors in Vegetables commonly eaten in Nigeria. African Journal of Natural Sciences 7:71-73. Lucas, G.M. and Markakas, P. (1975). Phytic acid and other Phosphorus Compounds of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of agricultural Edu chem. 23: 13-15. Mena, I., Horiuchi, K., Burke, K and Cotzias, G. C. (1969). Chronic Manganese Poisoning. Individual susceptibility and Absorption of Iron. Neurology, 19: 1000- 1006. Nnam, N. M and Onyeke N.G (2003). Chemical Composition of two varieties of Sorrel (Hisbiscus sabdariffa L.), calyces and the drinks made from them. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 58: 1-7. Oberleas, D., Muhrer, M .E and O'Dell, B. L. (1966). Dietary Metal- Complexing Agents and zinc availability in the Rat. Journal of Nutrition, 90:56-62. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and molecular Biology. (2006). Oxford University Press. P:962. Reebe, S., Gonzalez, V. N and Rengifo J. (2000). Research on Trace Elements in common Beans. Food Nutrition Bulletin. 21: 387-391. Santyanarayana, U. and Chakrapani, U. (2007). Medical Biochemistry. 3rd Edition, Arunabaha Sen. Book and Alied Publisher Ltd. Revised Edition. Pp: 182-419. Sofowora, A. (1991): Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine. John Wiley and Sons. Pp: 66- 79. Tella, I.O. and Ojo O.O., Ademola-Aremu, O.O. (2005): Hepatoprotective Effects of Azadirachta Indica, Tamarindus Indica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis on paracetamol induced-hepatotoxicity in rats J. sustain Deve. Agric. Envin. Vol. 1:437-439. Tolonen M. (1990). Vitamins and Minerals in Health and Nutrition. Ellis Horwood Ltd., England. Pp: 45-68. Usha, V., Vijayamma, P.L., Kurups P. A. (1989). Effects of Dietary Fibre from Banana (Musa paradisiaka) on Metabolism of Carbohydrates in Rats Fed Cholesterol Free Diet. Indian J. Experimental Biology. 27(5):445-449. Vasudevan, D.M. (2008). Jaypee Gold Standard Mini Atlas series Biochemistry for Medical Students, 6th Edition. P: 308. Vinik, A. I., Jenkins D. J. (1998). Dietary Fibre in Management of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 11(2):160-173. Zenk, H. M. (1991).Chasing the Enzymes of Secondary Metabolism: Plant Cell Cultures as a Pot of Goal. Phytochemistry, 30(12), Pp:3861-3863. Zess NaukUMK Tomu, 13:253-256.

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Anti-nutrients, Cucumber, Mineral elements, Phyto-constituents

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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