This dataset comprises the geochemical data on whole rock analysis, melt inclusions, residual glasses, magnetites and orthopyroxenes in samples from the 2010 eruption of Kizimen volcano (Kamchatka), as well as the timescales modelled in the orthopyroxenes and a database of studies linking diffusion timescales with monitoring signals, associated with the publication: Ostorero, L., Balcone-Boissard, H., Boudon, G. et al. Correlated petrology and seismicity indicate rapid magma accumulation prior to eruption of Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka. Commun Earth Environ 3, 290 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00622-3