Equus onager Boddaert, 1785. Elench. Anim., p. 160. TYPE LOCALITY: NW Persia (= Iran), Kasbin, near Caspian. DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Kazakhstan north to upper Irtysh and Ural Rs. (Russia); westward north of the Caucasus and Black Sea at least to Dniestr River (Ukraine); and SE of Caspian Sea, Anatolia, N Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to Thar Desert of NW India; survives as isolated populations in Rann of Kutch (India), Badkhys Preserve, Turkmenia, and C Iran; also reestablished on Barsa-khelmes Isl (Aral Sea, Uzbekistan). STATUS: CITES - Appendix I E. hemionus khur; IUCN - Endangered as E. h. khur, Extinct as £. h. hemippus. SYNONYMS: bahram, blanfordi, dzigguetai, hamar, hemippus, indicus, khur, kulan, syriacus. COMMENTS: Revised by Groves and Mazak (1967), who with Groves (1986) and Schlawe (1986) included onager in hemionus, but Bennett (1980) considered onager a distinct species.

Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Perissodactyla, pp. 369-372 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 370, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353118