The aim of this study was to investigate blood pictures and NEFA concentration in healthy cows and cows with mastitis and metritis in week before and week after calving. Calving showed significant influence on the blood parameters in the healthy and the sick cow. So after calving leads to decrease in erythrocyte count, decrease in hemoglobin, decrease in white blood cell count with a relative increase of neutrophils to lymphocytes (stress leukogram). NEFA concentration increases after parturition in both groups of cows. Cows suffering from metritis showed a significantly lower number of erythrocytes in the period before calving, and week after calving, while the hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in the week after calving compared to control healthy cows. Metritic cows had higher leukocyte number in week before and week after calving. Leukocyte profile of these cows was characterized by increased neutrophile percent in week after calving and decreased monocyte percent in week after and week before calving compared to control group. Cows with mastitis showed higher neutrophile percent in week before and week after calving and lower percent of eosinophils in same period compared to healthy cows. NEFA concentration was significantly higher in diseased cows in week after calving. Prediction of metritis is possible in function of monocyte percent and level of anemia. Percent of eosinophil may indicate the mastitis in dairy cows.