{"references": ["Plueddemann, A. J., Weller, R. A., Lukas, R., Lord, J., Bouchard,P. R., & M. Alexander Walsh. (2006). WHOI hawaii ocean timeseries station (WHOTS) : WHOTS-2 mooring turnaround cruise report. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1074", "Whelan, S. P., Weller, R. A., Lukas, R., Bradley, F., Lord, J., Smith, J. C., Bahr, F. B., Lethaby, P., & Snyder, J. (2007). WHOI hawaii ocean timeseries station (WHOTS) : WHOTS-3 mooring turnaround cruise report (p. 103). Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1825", "Whelan, S. P., Plueddemann, A. J., Lukas, R., Lord, J., Lethaby, P., Smith, J. C., Bahr, F. B., Galbraith, N. R., & Sabine, C. L. (2008). WHOI hawaii ocean timeseries station (WHOTS): WHOTS-4 2007 mooring turnaround cruise report. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/2504", "Whelan, S. P., Santiago-Mandujano, F., Bradley, F., Plueddemann, A. J., Ludovic Barista, Ryder, J. R., Lukas, R., Lethaby, P., Snyder, J., Sabine, C. L., Stanitski, D., Rapp, A. D., Fairall, C. W., Pezoa, S., Galbraith, N. R., Lord, J., & Bahr, F. B. (2010). WHOI hawaii ocean timeseries station (WHOTS): WHOTS-6 2009 mooring turnaround cruise report. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/3458", "Santiago-Mandujano, F., Snyder, J., Natarov, S., Maloney, K., Howins, N., Hebert, G., & Lukas, R. (2019). UH contributions to WHOTS-15 cruise report. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawaii. http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/whots/proc_reports/WHOTS-15_CruiseRpt.pdf", "Hasbrouck, E., Weller, R., Santiago-Mandujano, F., Blomquist, B., Maloney, K., Snyder, J., Clabaugh, A., Adams, S., Rosburg, K., King, A., Natarov, S., Howins, N., Hebert, G., & Lukas, R. (2019). WHOI hawaii ocean timeseries station (WHOTS) : WHOTS-14 2017 mooring turnaround cruise report (p. 112). Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/25262", "Santiago-Mandujano, F., Fitzgerald, D., Maloney, K., Rohrer, T., Howins, N., Tabata, R., & Potemra, J. (2021). UH contributions to WHOTS-16 cruise report. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii. https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/whots/proc_reports/UH_Contributions_to_WHOTS16_Cruise_Report.pdf", "Santiago-Mandujano, F., Fitzgerald, D., Maloney, K., Rohrer, T., Howins, N., Tabata, R., & Potemra, J. (2022). UH contributions to WHOTS-17 cruise report. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii. http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/whots/proc_reports/UH%20Contributions%20to%20WHOTS17_Cruise_Report.pdf", "Hosom, D. S., Weller, R. A., Payne, R. E., & Prada, K. E. (1995). The IMET (improved meteorology) ship and buoy systems. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 12(3), 527\u2013540. https://doi.org/2.0.co;2>10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0527:timsab>2.0.co;2", "Keir Colbo, & Weller, R. A. (2009). Accuracy of the IMET sensor package in the subtropics. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 26(9), 1867\u20131890. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHO667.1", "A. Birol Kara, Rochford, P. A., & Hurlburt, H. E. (2000). Mixed layer depth variability and barrier layer formation over the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 105(C7), 16783\u201316801. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc900071", "Santiago-Mandujano, F., Lethaby, P., Lukas, R., Snyder, J., Weller, R. A., Plueddemann, A. J., Lord, J., Whelan, S., Bouchard, P., & Galbraith, N. (2007). Hydrographic observations at the woods hole oceanographic institution (WHOI) hawaii ocean timeseries (HOT) site (WHOTS): 2004-2006. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii. http://uop.whoi.edu/currentprojects/WHOTS/docs/UH_Whots_data_report_1.pdf", "Tupas, L., Santiago-Mandujano, F., Hebel, D., Lukas, R., Karl, D., & Firing, E. (1993). Hawaii ocean time-series data report 4, 1992. In SOEST Technical Report 93-14 (p. 248). School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii. https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/reports/rep_y4.pdf", "Fukieki, L., Santiago-Mandujano, F., Fernando Carvalho Pacheco, Fitzgerald, D., Fitzgerald, D., & White, A. (2021). Hawaii ocean time-series data report 31: 2019 (pp. 1\u2013426). School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Publication #11424. https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/reports/rep_y31.pdf", "W. Brechner Owens, & Millard, R. C. (1985). A new algorithm for CTD oxygen calibration. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 15, 621\u2013631. https://doi.org/2.0.CO;2>10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<0621:ANAFCO>2.0.CO;2", "Tupas, L., Santiago-Mandujando, F., Hebel, D., Nosse, C., Fujieki, L., Firing, E., Lukas, R., Karl, D., Winn, C., Bidigare, R., Landry, M., & Lopez, M. (1996). Hawaii ocean time-series data report 8, 1996 (pp. 1\u2013286). School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii. https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/reports/rep_y8.pdf", "Howard Paul Freitag, McCarty, M. E., Nosse, C., Lukas, R., McPhaden, M. J., & Cronin, M. F. (1999). COARE Seacat data: Calibrations and quality control procedures. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL PMEL-115. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/10999", "Firing, E. (1991). Acoustic Doppler current profiling measurements and navigation. WOCE Hydrographic Operations and Methods. WOCE Operations Manual, WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1, WOCE Report No. 68/91; WOCE Hydrographic Programme. https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0013/0001873/1.1/data/1-data/publications/WOCE/ADCP.pdf", "Teledyne RD Instruments. (2011). Acoustic doppler current profiler principles of operation a practical primer. In P/N 951-6069-00 (pp. 1\u201362). http://www.teledynemarine.com/Documents/Brand%20Support/RD%20INSTRUMENTS/Technical%20Resources/Manuals%20and%20Guides/General%20Interest/BBPRIME.pdf", "Lukas, R., Santiago-Mandujano, F., Bingham, F., & Mantyla, A. (2001). Cold bottom water events observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time-series: implications for vertical mixing. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 48(4), 995\u20131021. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00078-9", "Howe, B. M., Lukas, R., Duennebier, F., & Karl, D. (2011). ALOHA cabled observatory installation. 1\u201311. https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107301"]}

In 2003, Robert Weller (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [WHOI]), Albert Plueddemann (WHOI),and Roger Lukas (the University of Hawaii [UH]) proposed to establish a long-term surface mooring at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Station ALOHA (22°45'N, 158°W) to provide sustained, high-quality air-sea fluxes and the associated upper ocean response as a coordinated part of the HOT program, and as an element of the global array of ocean reference stations supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of Climate Observation. The WHOTS-16 mooring was deployed on October 6, 2019, during an eight-day cruise (WHOTS-16 cruise) and was recovered on August 28, 2021, during an eight-day cruise (WHOTS-17 cruise). The cruises were aboard the NOAA Oscar Sette. The seventeenth mooring was deployed on August 26, 2021, during the WHOTS-17 cruise and was recovered on July 25, 2022. This report documents and describes the oceanographic observations made on the WHOTS-16 mooring for nearly one year and ten months and from shipboard measurements during the two cruises when the mooring was deployed and recovered. Sections II and III include a detailed description of the cruises and the mooring, respectively. Sampling and processing procedures of the hydrographic casts, thermosalinograph, and shipboard ADCP data collected during these cruises are described in Section IV . Section V includes the processing procedures for the data collected by the moored instruments: SeaCATs, MicroCATs, Moored ADCPs and VMCM. Plots of the resulting data and preliminary analysis are presented in Section VI.

This publication is based upon observations from the WHOI-Hawaii Ocean Time-series Site (WHOTS) mooring, which is supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR) under Cooperative Agreement NA14OAR4320158. NOAA CPO FundRef number 100007298 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0327513,OCE-0752606, OCE-0926766, OCE-1260164 and OCE-1756517 to the University of Hawaii for the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. This is SOEST contribution number 11592