Аrticle is dedicated to publik-political and social-economic situation in Samarkand at period of the russian colonialism. In work in scientifik turn are incorporated given archive sources, and majority of them for the first time. Founding on rich factology material by auhor in detail explored mechanisms and levers russian colonial-administrative system in sphere of the organizations to economic life, proceedings, administrative management, explored negative manifestations russian mastery. In article is shown colonial essence majority innovations of the russian colonialism.