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[IO Islamic 78] مرآت

Authors: Shaikh Jalâl-Aldîn Ḥamzah Âdhurî;

[IO Islamic 78] مرآت

Abstract

Mirât . This manuscript is now IO Islamic 709 in the India Office collections. [metadata: Hermann Ethé, Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, 2 vols. (Oxford: India Office, 1903): volume 1, number 78 here with notations and hyperlinks]. 709 Mirât (مرآت ) . The first two bâbs of the earliest Persian adaptation, as it appears, of the first part of the Arabic cosmography of Zakariyyâ bin Muḥammad bin Maḥmûd al-Ḳazwînî (died A.H. 682=A.D. 1283), the well-known عجائب المخلوقات و غرائب الموجودات (Arabic text edited by Fr. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen, 1848, German translation by Dr. H. Ethé, first volume, Leipzig, 1868), in the form of a mathnawî, by Shaikh Jalâl-aldîn Ḥamzah Âdhurî (or Âdharî) of Asfarâ’in (the author’s name is left out in this copy, but appears in the following one). Who flourished in the reign of Shâhrukh, and died A.H. 866 (A.D. 1461, 1462, comp. A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 315 sq., and Rieu i. p. 43). Its proper title is مرآت, the mirror, or according to a colophon, on fol. 38a, عجائب و غرائب, wonderful and curious things (in Daulatshâh, A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 316, and in the colophon of the present copy, عجائب الغرائب ; in Sir Gore Ouseley’s Catal., p. 2, and W. Pertsch, Berlin Cat., p. 161, عجائب المخلوقات , in the latter also عجائب الدنيا ), and it consists of four distinct bâbs, viz.: 1. طامّت الكبرى ; 2. غرائب الدنيا ; 3. عجائب الاعلى ; 4. كتاب سعى و صفا . Besides Ḳazwînî’s cosmography, which is usually styled here عجائب الدنيا , sometimes also عجائب المخلوق , other works have furnished materials for this poem, for instance, a كتاب حيات , a كتاب جواهر بركات , and others; comp. fol. 5a , ll. 1-11: چون خط و خال و غمزۀ معشوق – هست يكسر عجائب المخلوق از تواريخ وز كتاب حيات – وز كتاب جواهر بركات از جميع حديث وز تفسير – وانچه از تحفه بود عقل پذير وز كتاب عجائب الدنيا – نتوان كرد جمله را احصا صورت جمله آفرينش دوست – شد درينجا عيان چو مغز از پوست هست صورت نماى موجودات – زان سبب نام كردمش مرآت مشتمل شد چو برچهار ابواب – چار نام آمدش زچار كتاب اوّلين نسخه طامّت الكبراست – دومينش 1 عجائب الدنياست سيومينش عجائب الاعلى – نام چارم كتاب سعى وصفا ليك فحواى اين خجسته كتاب – بعد حمد مفتّح الابواب هست تفصيل علم موجودات – معرفت در كمال مخلوقات That the author intended his work for instruction and not for amusement, he clearly state in several passages, for instance, on fol. 4b, last line : اصل اين نسخه بر حكايت نيست غير تأويل علم و حكمت نيست on fol.5a, l. 12 : معرفت دان بناى اصل كتاب – كان بود فرض براولوا الباب and on fol.42b, last line: حرفهاى حقائق عالم – اندرين لوح برده ام بقلم Our copy contains only the first two bâbs, viz.: 1.طامّت الكبرى , on ff. 1b-38a, beginning: خالق الخلق و هو مولانا – ذكره بالتقدّم اولى This first bâb is a kind of introduction or preliminary discourse on the creation in general, and contains, after the usual praises of God, Muḥammad, etc., and an account of the reasons the author had for writing this poem, the following sections: تفصيل مراتب عالم عُلْوى و سُفْلى , on fol.6b. تبيين اسرار مخلوقات , on fol. 7a. بيان حكما در اصل خلقت عالم كون , on fol. 8b. سخن بعضى از علما در تحقيق ايجاد عالم and سخن بعضى از اهل توحيد , on fol.9a. اقوال مختلفه از هر طائفه در مادّۀ ايجاد عالم تحقيق حال بر سخن ارباب وحدت and تمثيل در باب اختلافات اشيا,on fol.10b. رجوع بكمالات قدرت الهى كه نامتناهى است , on fol.12b. كيفيّت صفات در مراتب موجودات , on fol. 13b. در حكمت وجود آدم كه خلاصۀ عالم است , on fol.14b. حكايت پسر روستائى و سرگذشت او، ذكر خاصّيّت ترتيب در اشيا از حكمت حق تعالى , on fol. 27b. مناسبت آفاق با انفس و كيفيّت حال آدمى , on fol. 30a. تمثيل در حقيقت حال انسان و كيفيّت اطوار , on fol.32b. حكايت آن دوست كه آئينه از براى حضرت يوسف برده , on fol. 34a. آغاز غرائب عالم و عجائب بنى آدم , on fol.35a. 2. غرائب الدنيا , on ff. 39b-233a, beginning: ابتدا ميكنم به بسم الله – كوست بر كلّ كائنات گواه The second bâb, two other copies of which are preserved in the Bodleian Library, see the full description of them in the Bodleian Cat., Nos. 402 and 403 (where by a confusion of this second bâb with the third, which has not yet been found anywhere, as title in the colophon is given غرائب الاعلى ), corresponds upon the whole to the muḳaddimah and the second maḳâlah of Ḳazwînî’s cosmography ( فى السُفليّات ), whereas the first maḳâlah of that work (فى العُلويّات ) is the subject of the third bâb, the عجائب الاعلى. After a praise of God and Muḥammad there follows here an explanation of the terms غريب and عجيب , after which the poetical description of all the sublunar things begins, in about the same order, as in Ḳazwînî’s work; the first section, on fol. 55a, deals with the غرائب جمادات, or the wonders of the inanimate things, general geography, longitude and latitude, mountains, wells, lakes, seas, islands, minerals, etc.; the following sections treat of plants, birds, huge beasts, Ghûls, monkeys, different sorts of men, and finally of man himself. Last verse: چون غرائب نداشت او انجام – ختم كرديم و الصلوة و السلام Dated the first of Rabî’-alâkhar, A.H. 1135 (A.D. 1723 , January 9) . No. 78, ff. 233, 2 coll., each ll. 15; clear and distinct Nasta’lîḳ; size, 9 in. by 43/4 in. 1 That is a mere mistake for غرائب الدنيا , comp. fol. 38a, l. 11: شد بانجام طامّت الكبرا – بعد ازين در غرائب الدنيا and likewise ff. 41a, l. 10, and 41b, l.1.

Keywords

Geography, Cosmography, Topography, India Office, IO Islamic 78

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