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The protection of aircraft from lightning strikes, both triggered and intercepted, is an essential component in the aircraft development and certification process. In the past, lighting strikes to aircraft have caused catastrophic accidents that have promoted extensive studies into the mechanisms behind lightning events and their mitigation strategies. These recommendations have led to protective measures in the form of wire mesh and diverter strips on nonmetallic surfaces, removing sources of spark-triggered ignition in the fuel system, adequate grounding and wire bundle shielding strategies, and route management to avoid thunderstorms. While significant progress has been made in aircraft lighting protection, much of what we know about aircraft triggered lightning comes from historical experience and testing. Next generation aircraft designs may not conform to the same assumptions under which models for existing aircraft are valid. We present a general computational tool for the prediction of the first and second attachment points on arbitrary aircraft geometries. The tool couples numerical electrostatics simulation to a predictive attachment model, and uses open source software which is freely available. The attachment model follows similar methods developed by Onera and the University of Padova in the 1990s, but accounts for both positive and negative first leader inception. Additionally, a feature to determine the optimal aircraft charge has been incorporated into the tool, following prior work by our team on triggered-lightning risk-reduction measures. The tool will be demonstrated by application to the MIT D8 “Double Bubble” aircraft.
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