Global climate change is increasing thermal variability in coastal marine environments and the frequency, intensity, and duration of marine heatwaves. At the same time, food availability and quality are being altered by anthropogenic environmental changes. Marine ectotherms often cope with changes in temperature through physiological acclimation, which can take several weeks and is a nutritionally demanding process. Here, we tested the hypothesis that different ecologically relevant diets (omnivorous, herbivorous, carnivorous) impact thermal acclimation rate and capacity, using a temperate omnivorous fish as a model (opaleye; Girella nigricans). We measured acute thermal performance curves for maximum heart rate because cardiac function has been observed to set upper thermal limits in ectotherms. Opaleye acclimated rapidly after raising water temperatures, but their thermal limits and acclimation rate were not affected by their diet. However, the fish's acclimation capacity for maximum heart rate was sensitive to diet, with fish in the herbivorous treatment displaying the smallest change in heart rate throughout acclimation. Mechanistically, ventricle fatty acid composition differed with diet treatment and was related to cardiac performance in ways consistent with homoviscous adaptation. Our results suggest that diet is an important, but often overlooked, determinant of thermal performance in ectotherms on environmentally relevant timescales.

R code included. Data files are described in the README and open in any application that supports CSV files.Funding provided by: National Science FoundationCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001Award Number: Funding provided by: Hellman FoundationCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010336Award Number: Funding provided by: Tri-County Blood Bank*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: Funding provided by: University of California, Santa BarbaraCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007183Award Number:

Refer to the associated manuscript for data collection and processing methods.