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Foundation types of offshore wind turbines are mainly realised with steel pipe piles whereas most commonly monopiles with large diameters or jacket piles are used. Against the background of cost effectiveness, the selection of a driving system as well as design fatigue calculations it is of major importance to run driveability analyses prior to the installation process. Essential criteria for that are the duration of a driving process and number of blows, pile driving stresses in compression and tension and soil resistance to driving (SRD). While the application of SRD models for impact driven piles in sand and clay is considered as well established a trusted prognosis of pile driving in other soils or materials like chalk or the prognosis of vibratory pile driving is still a challenge. At real pile driving usually dynamic pile driving monitoring is performed in order to record real blow counts and stresses in the pile and furthermore, to verify pile capacity. In this paper driveability analyses and SRD models are compared with results of dynamic pile tests and pile driving monitoring in selected offshore wind farm projects in the North and Baltic Seas in order to check their applicability. Measurements were taken during the pile driving of small and large diameter pipe piles in sand or chalk dominated soils by the use of impact and, partly, vibratory hammers. Using appropriate wave equation software (GRLWEAP) driving processes could be recalculated and compared to measured data and records of the driving system.
impact and vibratory driveability, pile driving monitoring, SRD, wave equation analysis
impact and vibratory driveability, pile driving monitoring, SRD, wave equation analysis
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