Author Original Manuscript (pre-print) Published as “Visigothic script vs. Caroline minuscule: the collision of two cultural worlds in twelfth-century Galicia”, Mediaeval Studies 78 (2016): 203-242. ISSN: 0076-5872 https://pims.ca/article/journal-mediaeval-studies/ This article is an abridged version of the work with the same title presented by the author as LMS dissertation at the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in 2015. The research leading to these results has been supported by grants from the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies (Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship) and the Center for Epigraphical and Palaeographical Studies at Ohio State University (Virginia Brown Fellowship in Latin Palaeography). The author wishes to thank all the many people who have contributed to this discussion. Special thanks are due to Prof. Greti Dinkova-Bruun.