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Article . 2022
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Caractérisation de la pêche et utilisation des ressources halieutiques dans la forêt communautaire de la rivière Mbali (CFCL-RM) en province de Maï-Ndombe (RD Congo)

Authors: Mwanandeke, A.H.; Luhusu, K.F.; Monghiemo, C.; Tshiashala, M.D.; Riera, B.; Micha, J.C.;

Caractérisation de la pêche et utilisation des ressources halieutiques dans la forêt communautaire de la rivière Mbali (CFCL-RM) en province de Maï-Ndombe (RD Congo)

Abstract

Résumé Le secteur de la pêche, le poisson en particulier est une source de protéines et apporte une importante contribution à la sécurité alimentaire globale de la RDC, qui est particulièrement importante vu l’omniprésence de la famine et de la malnutrition dans le pays, surtout en milieu rural. Comme pour la plupart des rivières et lacs en RDC, la pêche artisanale des poissons dans la rivière Mbali se trouve dans une situation précaire caractérisée par l’utilisation des outils de pêche inadaptés, les mauvaises techniques de pêche, l'absence de formations adaptées, l'insuffisance d’encadrement et d’appui. Cette étude a été menée dans la forêt communautaire de la rivière Mbali (CFCL-RM), Territoire de Bolobo, Province de Mai-Ndombe, en RD Congo, spécifiquement dans les villages Mbee et Nkala. Elle a consisté à analyser les pratiques de la pêche artisanale et l'utilisation des ressources halieutiques dans cette forêt communautaire de la rivière Mbali afin de relever les problèmes liés à leur gestion et proposer les actions adaptées pour une gestion durable. Plusieurs acteurs dont les autorités locales, les responsables de l’ONG Mbou Mon Tour et 50 pêcheurs ont pris part aux différents échanges ou entretiens (focus groups, enquêtes) initiés. A l’issue de ces entretiens et observations directes, l’analyse des données a montré que la pêche telle que pratiquée est une activité menacée par les activités anthropiques ; l'exploitation incontrôlée des ressources, l'utilisation des outils mais aussi des pratiques de pêche non appropriées. Ces mauvaises pratiques de pêches (notamment filets à moustiquaires imprégnés d’insecticides) empêchent un bon recrutement naturel des stocks de poissons exploités, ce qui conduit inévitablement à une diminution de leur biomasse, du rendement des unités de pêche et donc du niveau de vie des pêcheurs. A cela s’ajoute la disparition de certaines espèces telles que le prédateur Parachanna obscura (Günther, 1861) en aval de cette rivière. Ainsi, la pêche étant une source de revenu et une activité qui contribue de manière significative à assurer l'approvisionnement en protéines animales des populations locales de ces régions forestières, il est salutaire de passer par l'approche de gestion communautaire qui est un moyen qui concoure à une gestion efficace de ces ressources aquatiques. En outre, il est important de mettre l’accent sur le calendrier de pêche, le type de pêche, la protection des frayères et le contrôle des pêcheurs. Ceci devra passer non seulement par la mise en place d’une règlementation adaptée au contexte actuel mais aussi par la sensibilisation, la formation et l’accompagnement des différents acteurs. ---- Abstract The fisheries sector, fish in particular, is a source of protein and makes an important contribution to the overall food security of the DRC, which is particularly important given the pervasiveness of famine and malnutrition in the country, especially in rural areas. As with most rivers and lakes in the DRC, the artisanal fish fishery in the Mbali River is in a precarious situation. This situation is characterized by the use of unsuitable fishing tools, poor fishing techniques, lack of training, insufficient supervision and support. This study has been conducted in the Mbali River Community Forest (CFCL-RM), Bolobo Territory, Mai-Ndombe Province, in DR Congo, specifically in the villages of Mbee and Nkala. It consisted in analyzing the practices of artisanal fishing and the use of fishery resources in this community forest of the Mbali River in order to identify problems related to the management of these fishery resources and to propose appropriate actions for a sustainable management. Several actors, including local authorities, officials of the NGO Mbou Mon Tour and 50 fishermen, took part in the various exchanges or interviews (focus groups, surveys) that were initiated. At the end of these interviews and direct observations, the analysis of the data showed that fishing as practiced is an activity threatened by anthropic activities; the uncontrolled exploitation of resources, the use of tools but also inappropriate fishing practices. These bad fishing practices (in particular nets impregnated with insecticides) prevent a good natural recruitment of the exploited fish stocks, which inevitably leads to a decrease in their biomass, in the yield of the fishing units and therefore in the living standards of the fishermen. In addition, certain species such as the predator Parachanna obscura (Günther, 1861) have disappeared downstream from this river. Thus, since fishing is a source of income and an activity that contributes significantly to ensuring the supply of animal protein to local populations in these forest regions, it is beneficial to adopt a community-based management approach, which is a means that contributes to the effective management of these aquatic resources. In addition, it is important to focus on the fishing schedule, type of fishing, protection of spawning grounds et control of fishermen. This should be done not only through the implementation of regulations adapted to the current context, but also through awareness raising, training and support for fishermen.

Keywords

Rivière Mbali, Villages Nkala et Mbee (Bolobo), Ressources halieutiques, RD Congo

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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