Abstract. This article presents information about the effect of microbiological fertilizer Baikal EM-1 on the growth and development of cotton. The use of microbiological fertilizer Baikal-EM-1 in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers on cotton, as well as studies on cotton without mineral fertilizers, using microbiological fertilizer at different times and methods are noted. It is known that the application of the microbiological fertilizer Baikal EM-1 against the background of N-200R-140K-100 kg/ha in the conditions of typical old-irrigated gray soils improves the agrochemical properties of the soil and the absorption of nutrients by plants. Under the conditions of typical gray soils, irrigated for a long time, scientific data were obtained on the effect of the microbiological fertilizer "Baikal-EM-1" with and without mineral fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of soil and plants, cotton yield, and technological properties of the fiber. The influence of microbiological fertilizer against the background of mineral fertilizers on the change in the amount of nutrients in cotton pieces and their absorption was established. The introduction of microbiological fertilizer Baikal EM-1 N-200R-140K-100 kg/ha under the conditions of old-irrigated typical gray soils has a positive effect on the growth and development of cotton compared to the control variant (option 1), the height of the cotton bush is 1.4 cm, the yield of branches has increased up to 1.2 pcs., the number of bolls increased to 1.1-1.4 pcs., which had a positive effect on the yield and quality of cotton.

"Science and innovation" international scientific journal. ISSN: 2181-3337