This repository contains the data of the time-varied SST threshold for deep convection (σSST_conv) and Indo-Pacific Deep Convection Favoring Pool (DCFP). About the time-varied SST threshold for deep convection (σSST_conv) σSST_conv is estimated by the joint frequency distribution (JFD) of SST and precipitation (P) over the Indo-Pacific Ocean, which reflects the joint probability (i.e., area of grid points) that certain values of SST and P cover. σSST_conv for convection with a particular precipitation level (P0) is defined as the minimum SST where more than 80% of the area with P = P0 is observed throughout the year, assuming that a small proportion of deep convection is not only triggered purely by warm ocean surface but also induced by other atmospheric systems and dynamic factors, such as tropical waves, tropical cyclones etc. Please refer to Leung et al. (2022) for more detail about the calculation procedure and the science behind it. About the Indo-Pacific Deep Convection Favoring Pool (DCFP) The DCFP refers to the ocean that fulfils the SST criterion of favoring atmospheric deep convection, which shares the same concept of the traditional IPWP definition except for considering the time-varied σSST_conv. The DCFP area is defined as the total area of the Indo-Pacific Ocean (25°S–25°N, 40°E–220°E) enclosed by the isotherm of a time-varied SST threshold of deep convection (σSST_conv). Please refer to Leung et al. (2022) for more detail about the calculation procedure and the science behind it. Data files σSST_conv derived based on ERSSTv5 and GPCP Description: Time-varied SST threshold (σSST_conv, unit: °C) for deep convection of intensity, derived based on SST (from ERSSTv5) and precipitation (GPCP). Location: data/02-sst_threshold_ersst_gpcp.csv Temporal coverage: 1979–2020 Rows: Year Columns: Convection intensity (defined based on average monthly precipitation) σSST_conv derived based on HadISST and GPCP Description: Time-varied SST threshold for deep convection (σSST_conv, unit: °C) derived based on SST (from HadISST) and precipitation (GPCP). Location: data/02-sst_threshold_hadisst_gpcp.csv Temporal coverage: 1979–2020 Rows: Year Columns: Convection intensity (defined based on average monthly precipitation) σSST_conv derived based on 20 CMIP6 models Description: Time-varied SST threshold for deep convection (σSST_conv, unit: °C) derived based on model-simulated SST and precipitation. Models: ACCESS-CM2 / CAMS-CSM1-0 / CAS-ESM2-0 / CESM2-WACCM / CMCC-CM2-SR5 / CMCC-ESM2 / EC-Earth3 / EC-Earth3-Veg / FGOALS-f3-L / FGOALS-g3 / GFDL-ESM4 / INM-CM4-8 / INM-CM5-0 / IPSL-CM6A-LR / KACE-1-0-G / MIROC6 / MPI-ESM1-2-HR / MPI-ESM1-2-LR / MRI-ESM2-0 / NESM3 / TaiESM1 Experiments: Historical runs / SSP1-2.6 / SSP2-4.5 / SSP5-8.5 Location: data/cmip_{modelname}/06-sst_threshold_{modelname}_{experiment}_r1i1p1f1.csv (e.g., data/cmip_ACCESS-CM2/06-sst_threshold_ACCESS-CM2_historical_r1i1p1f1.csv) Temporal coverage: 1850-2014 for Historical runs / 2015-2100 for future projections Rows: Year Columns: Convection intensity (defined based on average monthly precipitation) DCFP derived based on ERSSTv5 and GPCP Description: Area (unit: 107 km2) of deep convection favoring pool (DCFP) defined by time-varied σSST_conv), based on SST (from ERSST) and precipitation (GPCP). Location: data/12-dcfp_ersst_gpcp.csv Temporal coverage: 1979-2020 Rows: Year Columns: Convection intensity (defined based on average monthly precipitation) DCFP derived based on HadISST and GPCP Description: Area (unit: 107 km2) of deep convection favoring pool (DCFP) defined by time-varied σSST_conv), based on SST (from HadISST) and precipitation (GPCP). Location: data/12-dcfp_hadisst_gpcp.csv Temporal coverage: 1979-2020 Rows: Year Columns: Convection intensity (defined based on average monthly precipitation) DCFP derived based on 20 CMIP6 models Description: Area (unit: 107 km2) of deep convection favoring pool (DCFP) defined based on model-simulated time-varied σSST_conv). Models: ACCESS-CM2 / CAMS-CSM1-0 / CAS-ESM2-0 / CESM2-WACCM / CMCC-CM2-SR5 / CMCC-ESM2 / EC-Earth3 / EC-Earth3-Veg / FGOALS-f3-L / FGOALS-g3 / GFDL-ESM4 / INM-CM4-8 / INM-CM5-0 / IPSL-CM6A-LR / KACE-1-0-G / MIROC6 / MPI-ESM1-2-HR / MPI-ESM1-2-LR / MRI-ESM2-0 / NESM3 / TaiESM1 Experiments: Historical runs / SSP1-2.6 / SSP2-4.5 / SSP5-8.5 Location: data/cmip_{modelname}/16-dcfp_{modelname}_{experiment}_r1i1p1f1.csv (e.g., data/cmip_ACCESS-CM2/16-dcfp_ACCESS-CM2_historical_r1i1p1f1.csv) Temporal coverage: 1850-2014 for Historical runs / 2015-2100 for future projections Rows: Year Columns: Convection intensity (defined based on average monthly precipitation) Citation If you use the GMM index in a publication or for any other purposes, please cite Leung, J.CH., Zhang, B., Gan, Q. et al. On the differential expansion speeds of Indo-Pacific warm pool and deep convection favoring pool under greenhouse warming. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (under Review). Zenodo archive: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6977567 References Leung, J.CH., Zhang, B., Gan, Q. et al. On the differential expansion speeds of Indo-Pacific warm pool and deep convection favoring pool under greenhouse warming. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (under Review). Hoyos, C.D., Webster, P.J. Evolution and Modulation of Tropical Heating from the Last Glacial Maximum through the Twenty-First Century. Climate Dynamics (2012). Johnson, N.C., Xie, S.P. Changes in the Sea Surface Temperature Threshold for Tropical Convection. Nature Geoscience (2010). Contact If you have any questions about the data, feel free to contact Dr. Jeremy Leung (chleung@pku.edu.cn or liangzx@gd121.cn).