Aiming to expanding the knowledge about the distribution of myxomycetes in the Atlantic Forest biome, a study was carried out in the Serra do Teimoso Reserve, a forest fragment located within one of the slopes of the Ouricana Mountain Range, Serra das Lontras Complex, Bahia state, northeast Brazil. Two five-day excursions were conducted at Serra do Teimoso Reserve (dry season/ rainy season), and 448 specimens were obtained from fallen trunks and ground litter. 240 moist chambers assembled with substrates from the same locations added 36 specimens. Twenty three genera and 73 species were recorded, of which 23 species are new records for the Bahia state, five for the Atlantic Forest biome, and Arcyria affinis, Didymium floccosum and Fuligo muscorum for Brazil. Licea clarkii and Stemonaria laxa are new records for the Neotropics. The distribution among the Brazilian states and biomes and comments on the species are supplied for the new records.