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Evaluación del proceso de hidrólisis de residuales sólidos del beneficio de café para la producción de enzimas lipasas

Authors: Gómez Salcedo, Yunet; Vilcacundo Alcívar, Anlly; Macías Menéndez, Francisco Antonio; Ponce Rodríguez, Jessica; Rosero Delgado, Ernesto Alonso;

Evaluación del proceso de hidrólisis de residuales sólidos del beneficio de café para la producción de enzimas lipasas

Abstract

  El café es uno de los principales productos agrícolas exportados en Ecuador, produciendo una gran cantidad de residuos como pulpa y cáscara (46 %) que se generan durante el proceso de post-cosecha de granos verdes de café. Estos residuos, de naturaleza lignocelulósica pueden ser aprovechados para la obtención de enzimas lipasas, según investigaciones de los últimos años. Sin embargo, para la producción de enzimas, se requieren etapas de pretratamiento del residuo. Este trabajo se centró en establecer las variables de operación del proceso de hidrólisis, previo la obtención de enzimas lipasas a partir de la fermentación de residuales sólidos del café en la etapa del beneficio, utilizando un hongo filamentoso Aspergillus niger como agente biológico de transformación. Dentro del trabajo se efectuó el pretratamiento alcalino del residual en dos corridas experimentales, para un total de 15 variantes: en la primera (9 variantes) se evaluó la concentración de NaOH y tiempo, en la segunda (6 variantes) temperatura y tiempo. Al residual hidrolizado se determinó rendimiento másico, lignina, nitrógeno y proteínas. Los resultados demostraron que el pretratamiento con NaOH al 6 %, 60 min y 121 °C remueve mayor porcentaje de lignina (69,26 ± 2,92 %) y 6 %, 60 min, 25 °C el mayor contenido de nitrógeno (1,52 ± 0,03 %). Mediante ANOVA y Prueba de Múltiples Rangos se determinó que no existen diferencias para 6 %, 60 min y por superficie de respuesta se estableció una temperatura de 35,67 ºC, condiciones utilizadas para la fermentación, obteniendo una actividad enzimática de 37,67 ± 0,58 U/g. Palabra clave: Coffea arabica L, hidrólisis alcalina, lignina, fermentación estado sólido, A. niger. Abstract Coffee is one of the main agricultural products exported in Ecuador, producing a large amount of waste such as pulp and peel (46 %) that are generated during the post-harvest process of green coffee beans. These residues, of a lignocellulosic nature, can be used to obtain lipase enzymes, according to research in recent years. However, for the production of enzymes, residue pretreatment steps are required. This work focused on establishing the operating variables of the hydrolysis process, before obtaining lipase enzymes from the fermentation of solid coffee residues in the beneficiation stage, using a filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger as a biological transformation agent. Within the work, the alkaline pretreatment of the residual was carried out in two experimental runs, for a total of 15 variants, in the first (9 variants) the NaOH concentration and time were evaluated, the second (6 variants) temperature and time. The hydrolyzed residual was determined by mass yield, lignin, nitrogen, and proteins. The results showed that pretreatment with NaOH at 6 %, 60 min, and 121 °C removes the highest percentage of lignin (69.26 ± 2.92 %) and 6 %, 60 min, 25 °C the highest nitrogen content (1.52 ± 0.03 %). Through ANOVA and Multiple Range Test, it was determined that there are no differences for 6 %, 60 min and by response surface, a temperature of 35.67 ºC was established, conditions used for fermentation, obtaining an enzymatic activity of 37.67 ± 0.58 U/g. Keywords: Arabic coffee, alkaline hydrolysis, lignin, solid-state fermentation, A. niger.

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hidrólisis alcalina, lignina, fermentación estado sólido, solid-state fermentation, lignin, A. niger, Arabic coffee, alkaline hydrolysis, Coffea arabica L,

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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