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Resumo: A geologia moderna teve o seu desenvolvimento em meados da década de 70 do séc XIX, com contribuição de diversos pesquisadores, dos quais muitos são renomados até os dias de hoje, uma delas foi Etheldred Benett, nascida em Wiltshire, Reino Unido. Ao que se sabe, Benett foi a primeira mulher geóloga da história, tendo trabalhado com pesquisadores como Gideon Mantell (1790-1852) e James Sowerby (1757-1822). Incentivada por seu cunhado, Aylmer Bourke Lambert, botânico e arqueologista, membro da Geological Society, Etheldred Benett começou a se interessar por fósseis e por volta de 1810 já se dedicava em coletas e estudo com fósseis, muito antes do aparecimento de Mary Anning (1799-1847), uma das mulheres mais conhecidas da paleontologia. Benett, diferente de outros pesquisadores, não publicava trabalhos científicos em periódicos, sua contribuição para a geologia e paleontologia se deu principalmente por suas coleções fósseis, da qual a pesquisadora ficou conhecida por suas doações de exemplares muito bem conservados e quase sempre inteiros, recebendo até reconhecimento do Tzar Nicholas I, que expôs alguns exemplares doados por Benett em seu palácio e lhe concebeu um título honorário. Mesmo tendo um papel importante para o desenvolvimento da paleontologia e geologia, seu único trabalho publicado por Benett é o catálogo “A Catalogue of the Organic Remains of the Country of Wiltshire (Benett 1831)”, contendo uma extensa lista de espécies de sua coleção com descrições do local onde foram encontrados, incluindo a espécie de ammonite do período cretáceo descrita por ela, Drepanites striatus. Após seu falecimento parte de sua coleção foi doada para o British Museum of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Geological Society e outras instituições, entretanto infelizmente a maioria foi perdida ao longo do tempo e apenas a partir dos anos 90 iniciou uma busca por sua coleção. Palavras-chave: Etheldred Benett, fósseis, paleontologia, geologia, mulheres na ciência, pioneira. Abstract: Modern geology had its development in the mid-1970s, with contributions from several researchers, many of whom are renowned to this day, one of them was Etheldred Benett, born in Wiltshire, United Kingdom. It is known that Benett was the first female geologist in history, having worked with researchers such as Gideon Mantell (1790-1852) and James Sowerby (1757-1822). Encouraged by her brother-in-law, Aylmer Bourke Lambert, botanist and archaeologist, member of the Geological Society, Etheldred Benett began to be interested in fossils and around 1810 was already engaged in collecting and studying fossils, long before the appearance of Mary Anning (1799 -1847), one of the best-known women in paleontology. Benett, unlike other researchers, did not publish scientific papers in journals, his contribution to geology and paleontology was mainly due to his fossil collections, of which the researcher was known for her donations of very well preserved and almost always intact specimens, receiving even recognition of Tsar Nicholas I, who exhibited some copies donated by Benett in his palace and awarded him an honorary title. Despite having an important role in the development of paleontology and geology, his only work published by Benett is the catalog “A Catalog of the Organic Remains of the Country of Wiltshire (Benett 1831)”, containing an extensive list of species from his collection with descriptions of where they were found, including the Cretaceous ammonite species she described, Drepanites striatus. After his death, part of her collection was donated to the British Museum of Natural History, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Geological Society, and other institutions, however unfortunately most of them were lost over time and only in the 1990s did he start a search for his collection. Keywords: Etheldred Benett, fossils, paleontology, geology, women in science, pioneer.