The repository contains the data and codes supporting the findings of the study: Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity, which can be found in the zip file "euclimate_vs_natpolicy-main.zip". Further, the repository includes the raw forest simulation data used as input for the multi-objective optimizations and the raw optimization outputs of each study region. The codes to run the national optimization can be retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631109. Abstract: The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach climate neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We investigated the consequences of increased harvest demands resulting from EU climate targets. We analysed the impacts on national policy objectives for forest ecosystem services and biodiversity through empirical forest simulation and multi-objective optimization methods. We show that key European timber-producing countries – Finland, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria) – cannot fulfil the increased harvest demands linked to the ambitious 1.5°C target. Potentials for harvest increase only exists in the studied region Norway. However, focusing on EU climate targets conflicts with several national policies and causes adverse effects on multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity. We argue that the role of forests and their timber resources in achieving climate targets and societal decarbonization should not be overstated. Our study provides insight for other European countries challenged by conflicting policies and supports policymakers.