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Diversifier les rotations en introduisant une culture de printemps pour réduire la pression adventice dans le Berry

Authors: Toque, Clotilde; Sauzet, Gilles; Baranger, Edouard; Bachelet Piris, Peio; Rochepeau, Pierre;

Diversifier les rotations en introduisant une culture de printemps pour réduire la pression adventice dans le Berry

Abstract

Problème: Pour des raisons principalement économiques, les rotations dans la région du Berry sont courtes et axées sur les cultures d'hiver (colza-blé tendre-orge). Ces rotations sont sujettes à une forte pression adventice (ex : vulpin, ray-grass, gaillet, géranium, etc.) dont certaines présentent des résistances et entraînent donc une forte dépendance aux herbicides (IFT moyen de 2,9). Des projections sur dix ans (réalisées par Arvalis, Terres Inovia et ITB à l'aide de l'outil SYSTERRE®) ont montré que la pression des mauvaises herbes pourrait encore augmenter dans ces rotations, entraînant une augmentation de 37% de l'utilisation des herbicides, une perte de 8% de la productivité des cultures et une diminution de 63 % de la marge nette. Solution: Pour limiter et réduire la pression des mauvaises herbes et la dépendance aux herbicides, des systèmes de culture diversifiés sont à l'étude sur la plateforme Syppre du Berry. La diversification de la rotation sur 9 ans avec l’introduction de maïs et de tournesol pendant deux années consécutives contribue à réduire la pression adventice. D'autres cultures de printemps comme la lentille peut être ajoutée dans la rotation pour apporter une valeur ajoutée tout en rompant le cycle des mauvaises herbes.

Keywords

Rotation, DiverIMPACTSPA, Cropdiversification, Système de culture, Gestion des adventices

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