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Observatório Central da UFRGS: o mais antigo do Brasil?

Authors: Livi, Silvia Helena Becker;

Observatório Central da UFRGS: o mais antigo do Brasil?

Abstract

RESUMO: Um observatório astronômico é uma estrutura planejada ou adaptada para a observação dos astros. A instituição pode sobreviver e manter o nome, mesmo quando a estrutura física original é abandonada. Assim sendo, as instituições reconhecidamente mais antigas não contêm obrigatoriamente o mais antigo observatório astronômico. Para respondermos à pergunta expressa no título deste trabalho, é necessário pesquisar a história das instituições tradicionais e investigar o destino das estruturas erigidas quando elas se estabeleceram. Não encontramos qualquer remanescente dos primeiros observatórios em nosso território: o montado na torre do Palácio de Maurício de Nassau, em Pernambuco; o Observatório Nacional no Morro do Castelo, no Rio de Janeiro; o Observatório Astronômico montado na Avenida Paulista, em São Paulo; ou o Observatório na cidade de Curitiba, no Paraná. Com base nisso, propomos que o mais antigo Observatório Astronômico remanescente no País seja o Observatório Central da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ele foi inaugurado em 1907, com os principais instrumentos instalados e se mantém até hoje com poucas alterações. Através dos relatórios originais rememoramos um pouco aquela época. A pergunta, entretanto, permanece como um desafio para que se resgate a história de instituições astronômicas de menor porte e até de observatórios particulares. Palavras-chave: História da Ciência, Astronomia, observatórios astronômicos, Astronomia no Brasil. THE UFRGS OBSERVATORY IN DOWNTOWN CAMPUS: IS THIS THE OLDEST BRAZILIAN OBSERVATORY? ABSTRACT: An astronomical observatory is a structure planned or adapted for the observation of heavenly bodies. The institution may survive and maintain its name, even when the original building is abandoned. So, the oldest institutions do not necessarily contain the oldest astronomical observatory. To answer the question expressed by the title of this work (what is the oldest astronomical observatory remaining in Brazil?), we need to research the history of the traditional institutions and investigate the destiny of the structures erected when they were first stablished. We do not find any remanescent of the first observatories in our territory: the one mounted inside the tower of the Palace of Mauricio de Nassau, at Pernambuco, the National Observatory in the Morro do Castelo, at Rio de Janeiro, the astronomical observatory erected on Paulista Avenue, at São Paulo, or the Observatory in the City of Curitiba, Paraná. Based on this, we propose that the oldest remaining astronomical observatory is the Observatorio Central at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. The inauguration happened in 1907, with the main instruments already installed, and is maintained up to now with few changes. Using the original reports we remember something of that epoch. Even though the question remains as a challenge in order that the History of the smaller astronomical institutions, including private observatories, will be rescued. Keywords: History of Science, astronomy, astronomical observatories, astronomy in Brazil.

Keywords

Astrofisica do sistema solar, Observatorios astronomicos, História da ciência

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