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Se ha planteado que, durante el Periodo de Integración (400-1500 AD), el piedemonte occidental de los Andes septentrionales estuvo ocupado por el grupo étnico de los yumbos (Lippi 1998; Jara 2006). Igualmente, la información de prospecciones arqueológicas en la región ha arrojado evidencias de yacimientos de arquitectura monumental ampliamente distribuidos por el ecosistema de bosque nublado ubicado en el noroeste del Ecuador (Erazo 2004). Además, la interpretación sobre el intercambio de las sociedades asentadas en el piedemonte occidental se ha realizado, predominantemente, en base al modelo económico de la microverticalidad, en el cual las sociedades del piedemonte occidental son caracterizadas de manera general como comerciantes (Jara 2006; Lippi 2010). Por otro lado, recientes investigaciones han arrojado nuevos datos en un área del piedemonte occidental que ha sido poco explorada por los arqueólogos y fue denominada como la subcuenca del río Pachijal, Pacto, Ecuador (Mosquera 2020). De esta manera, a partir del análisis de datos recolectados en prospecciones y excavaciones arqueológicas (Mosquera 2020), en el presente trabajo se presenta una nueva propuesta para examinar la forma en que los cacicazgos asentados en la subcuenca del río Pachijal durante el Periodo de Integración modificaron el paisaje y diseñaron estrategias para la subsistencia, las cuales presentan evidencias de una economía más enfocada en la autosubsistencia. ENGLISH: Landscape Modification and Subsistence during the Integration Period in the Pachijal River Sub-Basin, Pacto, Ecuador. It has been suggested that, during the Integration Period (AD 400–1500), the western foothills of the northern Andes were occupied by the Yumbo ethnic group (Lippi 1998; Jara 2006). Likewise, information from archaeological surveys in the region has yielded evidence of sites of monumental architecture widely distributed through the cloud forest ecosystem located in northwestern Ecuador (Erazo 2004). In addition, the interpretation of the exchange of the societies settled in the western piedmont has been predominantly based on the micro vertical economic model, in which the societies of the western foothills are generally characterized as traders (Jara 2006; Lippi 2010). On the other hand, recent research has yielded new data in an area of the western piedmont that has been little explored by archaeologists and was named as the Pachijal River sub-basin, Pacto, Ecuador (Mosquera 2020). Thus, based on the analysis of data collected in archaeological surveys and excavations (Mosquera 2020), this paper presents a new proposal to examine how the chiefdoms settled in the Pachijal River sub-basin during the Integration Period modified the landscape and designed strategies for subsistence, which show evidence of an economy more focused on self-subsistence.
subsistence, western foothills, Pacto, Yumbo Indians, Ecuador, Landscape modification, cloud forest, Pachijal
subsistence, western foothills, Pacto, Yumbo Indians, Ecuador, Landscape modification, cloud forest, Pachijal
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