Conocephalus (Anisoptera) saltator (Saussure, 1859) Fig. 2G, H; 8E Distribution: Brazil: Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná; Colombia: Antioquia, Valle del Cauca; Costa Rica: Cartago; Ecuador: Guayas; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Panama; Paraguay: Paraguari; Peru; Venezuela; United States: Hawaii. New record for the Paraná State. Comments: This species presents a broad geographical distribution, and is extremely abundant in open fields, being always found on grasses and other vegetations of open areas where they eat seeds of these plants. One interesting characteristic of this taxon is the polymorphism, as macropterous and brachypterous individuals can be found, as discovered by Chamorro-Rengifo et al. (2018). Females seem to be rarer than males, but this perception can be related to sampling bias, since the aural observation was the principal way to find the specimens. Bioacoustics (Fig 4A–C): The calling song is structured in diplosyllables, the closing stroke producing a brief and with high amplitude sound, and the opening stroke producing long and with low amplitude sound. Just the closing stroke can be heard by human ear, because the opening strokes reach frequencies above 20 kHz. The calling song of the species was already described by Chamorro-Rengifo et al. (2018). Dominant frequency: 13.8 ± 2.2 kHz. Bandwidth: 18.8 ± 2.7 kHz. Duration: Syllable: 0.26 ± 0.4 s. Mute interval: Syllable: 0.3 ± 0.07 s; Echeme: 0.9 ± 0.3 s.

Published as part of Fianco, Marcos, Szinwelski, Neucir & Faria, Luiz R. R., 2022, Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5136 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5136.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550041