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Butterfly diversity and abundance at the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) were studied from July 2021 to December 2021. A total of 322 individuals belonging to 21 species from 5 families were recorded. Based on family-wise species comparison, Nymphalidae was the most diversified with eight species, representing 38% of the total species of butterflies, followed by Pieridae with five species, representing 24% of the total species. The lowest number of species was recorded in Hespariidae, with two species representing 10% of the total. Diversity and abundance of butterflies showed variation among seasons, and results showed that the highest diversity was in the wet season, representing 56%, and the lowest was in the dry season, representing 44% of the identified species. The difference in diversity was not significant among seasons with t = 1.883, df = 20, and a p value of 0.074. Species accumulation curves for the dry and wet seasons showed that the number of new species declined during the dry season at 100 individuals sampled and at 150 individuals during the wet season. In general, habitat conservation and habitat enrichment with butterfly larval host and butterfly nectar plants would help to improve the butterfly diversity at Ethiopian biodiversity institute.