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RESUMEN: El año 330 d.C. se funda Constantinopla, capital de uno de los imperios más interesantes de la Historia y cuyo legado alcanzó a las tres civilizaciones del Mediterráneo: la Cristiana Ortodoxa, la Cristiana Occidental, y la Islámica. Durante la mayor parte de sus más de mil años, el Imperio Bizantino fue el «estado» más importante del Mediterráneo, llegando a configurar una identidad propia, una verdadera «nacionalidad bizantina», cuyos pilares eran una lengua común a todo el Imperio, el griego; una cultura propia que aglutinaba no sólo a griegos, sino también a armenios, anatolios, sirios y palestinos y, más tarde, eslavos – a quienes Bizancio evangelizó y civilizó completamente-; y, lo que proporcionó cohesión a este mundo, una religión común, el cristianismo. Este mundo bizantino es la maduración de la Civilización Grecorromana, pues añadió la unidad religiosa y cultural a la unidad política. Este artículo presenta una síntesis de la rica historia bizantina, señalando sus etapas más importantes y resaltando especialmente sus aportes a la Historia Universal. Se incluye también una orientación bibliográfica general para el lector interesado. Palabras-clave: Civilización o Imperio Bizantino; Griego; Cristiano; Gran Brecha, Renacimiento Macedonio. THE GREEK BYZANTINE EMPIRE Abstract: In 330 A.D., Constantinople - the capital of one of the most interesting empires of human History and whose legacy reached at the three Mediterranean civilizations: the Christian Orthodox, the Christian Western, and the Islamic - was founded. During a long time of its millenarian history, the Byzantine Empire was the most important Mediterranean «state», creating and developing its own identity, a real «Byzantine nationality», whose pillars were: a common language, the Greek, to all the Empire; a culture that united not only the Greeks, but also the Armenians, Anatolics, Syrians, Palestinians, and, afterwards, the Slavics - they were evangelized and totally civilized by Byzantium-; and a common religion, the Christianity, which provided cohesion to this world. This Byzantine world was the culmination of the Greco-Roman Civilization and its political unity, because it added to that the religious and cultural unity. This article presents a synthesis of the rich Byzantine history, pointing out its more important periods and especially emphasizing its contributions to the Universal History. A general bibliography for the interested reader is also included. Keywords: Byzantine Empire (or Civilization); Greek Culture; Christianity; Great Breach, Byzantine Renaissance.
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