Indigenous farmers have developed various techniques to improve or maintain soil fertility. Traditional practices of biological pest control have recently been the subject of increasing scientific interest among the people. Traditional farmers developed a multi storey farming system in which they practised fallowing, intercropping and selective weeding. Traditional agriculture is characterised by its great diversity of genetic resources. According to the basic principles of organic agriculture, livestock are kept as a part of the farming system and their nutrition has to be based on home-grown feeds. Cow was the central theme of Indian Agriculture which kept the production and productivity to sustainable levels. The cow dung, rich in favourable micro-organisms was the key fertilizer base which kept the ideal C/N ratio in soils. Thus, preparation of panchagavya which is one of the best organic fertilizers known by the farmers has been detailed.

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