Problem Crop diversification experiences (CDE) aiming to enhance the sustainability of farming and agri-food systems, supported by actors all along the value chain, are being developed across Europe. In order to support the development of cropping system diversification as a lever of sustainability, there is a need to learn from these experiences and to better understand their drivers, barriers and the solutions to these barriers. Solution Modelling agro-food system players’ worldviews across a diversity of 13 European CDE mobilising value-chain innovations allows for the drivers and barriers they face in three main dimensions to be highlighted: agronomy, socio-economy and ecology.