In this brief journey through the history of translation in Portugal, we will highlight the predominant areas of translation, namely literary, from the late Middle Ages to the 20th century. Only a few relevant translational phenomena in each period (largely traced from literary history) shall be mentioned, namely those that entailed changes to Portuguese culture, reading habits, publishing, and institutions. Various agents of translation will be noted, in accordance with their relative importance: translators, publishers, and institutions.