Health-promoting behaviors are an essential component of illness prevention and healthy living. The concept of health promotion behavior and educational literacy skills describes the multidimensional potentialities of literacy for healthy well-being. The present work examines the association between adult literacy and health promotion behavior in rural adults. A convenience sample of two hundred and eleven adults residing in the rural communities of Enugu State, Nigeria, participated in the study. The respondents comprising males and females aged 30 to 65, completed a self-report measure of the adult literacy questionnaire and the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II scale. The finding revealed a significant positive association between the variables.