Family Molineidae Skrjabin & Schulz 1. Cephalic extremity with cuticular spines.................................................................... 2 - Cephalic extremity without cuticular spines................................................................. 5 2. Cephalic extremity with 2 large ventral spines............................................................... 3 - Cephalic extremity surrounded by ring of 8 large spines....................................................... 4 3. Cephalic spines side by side in ventral field................................................. Biacantha Wolfgang Species: B. desmoda Wolfgang, 1954; B. normaliae Oviedo, Ramallo & Claps in Oviedo, Ramallo, Claps & Miotti, 2012 - Cephalic spines opposite (in dorsal and ventral fields).......................... Websternema Vaucher & Durette-Desset Species: W. parnelli (Webster, 1971) 4. Anterior and posterior branches of ovejector vestibule similar in length............... Parahistiostrongylus Pérez Vigueras Species: P. octacanthus (Lent & Freitas, 1940) (also attributed to Stilestrongylus) - Anterior branch of ovejector vestibule longer than posterior................................... Histiostrongylus Molin Species: H. coronatus Molin, 1861; H. paradoxus Travassos, 1918; Histiostrongylus sp. 5. Cephalic extremity with vesicle divided in two regions........................................................ 6 - Cephalic extremity with simple, undivided vesicle........................................................... 9 6. Posterior part of cephalic vesicle equal or longer than anterior part............................................... 7 - Posterior part of cephalic vesicle shorter than anterior part................................. Torrestrongylus Vigueras Species: Torrestrongylus sp. 7. Spicule undivided distally............................................................................... 8 - Spicule divided distally............................................................. Tricholeiperia Travasssos Species: T. leiperi Travassos, 1935; T. peruensis Vargas, Martinez, Tantaleán, Cadenilias & Pacheco, 2009; T. proencai Travassos, 1937 8. Dorsal ray of male copulatory bursa long and divided in distal third; ovejector of female without spines................................................................................................ Anoplostrongylus Boulenger Species: A. paradoxus (Travassos, 1918) - Dorsal ray of male copulatory bursa short and deeply divided; ovejector of female with spines............................................................................................. Molostrongylus Durette-Desset & Vaucher Species: M. acanthocolpos Durette-Desset & Vaucher, 1996; M. mbopi Durette-Desset & Vaucher, 1999 9. Tail of female without appendices/tubercles.......................................... Cheiropteronema Sandground Species: C. globocephala Sandground, 1929; C. striatum Oviedo, Ramallo & Claps, 2010; Cheiropteronema sp. - Tail of female with appendices/tubercles.................................................................. 10 10. Tail of female with two appendices..................................................... Bidigiticauda Chitwood Species: B. embryophilum (Freitas & Dobbin Jr., 1960 (a)); B. vivipara Chitwood, 1938 - Tail of female with five to seven tubercles................................. Carostrongylus Durette-Desset & Vaucher Species: C. touzeti Durette-Desset & Vaucher, 1989

{"references": ["Wolfgang, R. W. (1954) Studies on the endoparasitic fauna of Trinidad mammals. X. Parasites of Chiroptera. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 20 - 34.", "Oviedo, M. C., Ramallo, G., Claps, L. E. & Miotti, M. D. (2012) A new species of Biacantha (Nematoda: Molineidae), a parasite of the common vampire bat from the Yungas, Argentina. Journal of Parasitology, 98, 1209 - 1215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / ge- 3155.1", "Webster, W. A. (1971) Studies on the parasites of Chiroptera. I. Helminths of Jamaican bats of the genera Tadarida, Chilonycteris, and Monophyllus. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 38, 195 - 199.", "Lent, H. & Freitas, J. F. T. (1940) Histiostrongylus octacanthus n. sp. (Nematoda: Strongyloidea). Arquivo Instituto Benjamin Baptista, Rio de Janeiro, 6, 91 - 96.", "Molin, R. (1861) Il sottordine degli acrofalli ordinato scientificamente secundo e risutamenti delle indagini anatomiche et embriogeniche. Memorie del Real Istituto di Scienze, Lettre ed Arti, Venezia, 9, 427 - 633.", "Travassos, L. (1918) Contribuicao para o conhecimento da fauna helmintologica brasileira. VII. Especies brasileiras do genero Thelazia Bosc, 1819. Revista do Museu Paulista, 10, 215 - 230.", "Travassos, L. (1935) Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos Trichostrongylidae. Anais Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 7, 355 - 360.", "Vargas, M., Martinez, R., Tantalean, M., Cadenilias, R. & Pacheco, V. (2009 a) Tricholeiperia peruensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Molineidae) del quiroptero Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis (Phyllostomidae) en Tumbes, Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia, 15 (2008), 23 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.15381 / rpb. v 15 i 2.1697", "Travassos, L. (1937) Revisao da Family Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912. Monografia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 512 pp.", "Durette-Desset, M. - C. & Vaucher, C. (1996) Molostrongylus acanthocolpos gen. n. sp. n. (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea) parasite de Molossops temmincki (Chiroptera, Molossidae) au Paraguay. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Geneve, 103, 905 - 913.", "Durette-Desset, M. - C. & Vaucher, C. (1999) Molostrongylus mbopi sp. n. (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea), parasite de Molossops spp. (Chiroptera, Molossidae) au Paraguay. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Geneve, 106, 407 - 418.", "Sandground, J. H. (1929) Some new parasitic nematodes from Yucatan (Mexico) including a new genus of strongyle from cattle. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 69, 515 - 524", "Oviedo, M. C., Ramallo, G. & Claps, L. E. (2010) Una especie nueva de Cheiropteronema (Nematoda, Molineidae) en Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) en la Argentina. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 100, 242 - 246. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0073 - 47212010000300009", "Chitwood, B. G. (1938) Some nematodes from the caves of Yucatan. Publications of the Carnegie Institute of Washington, 491, 51 - 66.", "Durette-Desset, M. - C. & Vaucher, C. (1989) Trichostrongyloidea (Nematoda) parasites de chiropteres neotropicaux. III. Carostrongylus touzeti gen. n., sp. n. chez Carollia spp. (Phyllostomatidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Geneve, 96, 697 - 706."]}

Published as part of Santos, Cláudia Portes & Gibson, David I., 2015, Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats, pp. 471-499 in Zootaxa 3937 (3) on page 475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/240106