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Spread of hepatitis E virus from pens to the national industry: complex network analysis and modelling

Authors: Hammami, Pachka; Widgren, Stefan; Grosbois, Vladimir; Apolloni, Andrea; Rose, Nicolas; Andraud, Mathieu;

Spread of hepatitis E virus from pens to the national industry: complex network analysis and modelling

Abstract

L'hépatite E est une zoonose très répandue chez les porcs et potentiellement grave chez l'homme. La transmission entre porcs se fait par voie fécale-orale, par contact direct ou via l'environnement. Le principal facteur de propagation entre exploitations est le transport d'animaux vivants. La chaîne de production porcine est constituée de nombreux acteurs interconnectés, formant un réseau complexe structuré dans l'espace et le temps. Cette étude vise à tester des scénarios de contrôle à l'échelle nationale en prenant en compte les différentes voies de transmission ainsi que les mouvements d’animaux vivants. Les mouvements de porcs de 2017 à 2020 fournis par la base de données nationale française de traçabilité des porcs (BDporc) ont été analysés. Des modèles de graphes aléatoires exponentiels ont été ajustés pour trois sous-ensembles définis par le type d'animaux transportés (truies, porcelets et porcs en croissance) afin d’évaluer les probabilités de contact entre élevages. Les résultats ont été validés par la validation croisée d’une analyse de la qualité de l'ajustement des modèles et de cartes. Les probabilités de contact estimées ainsi que les caractéristiques générales des systèmes d'élevage en bandes ont permis de construire un modèle démographique simulant les mouvements de porcs à trois niveaux : entre cases, entre secteurs de production et entre élevages selon une horloge déterministe, mais avec des destinations aléatoires pondérées par les probabilités de contact. Enfin, la dynamique simulée a permis d’alimenter un modèle épidémiologique stochastique multi-niveaux simulant la transmission intra- et inter-cases. La prévalence des porcs positifs au virus de l’hépatite E transportés à l'abattoir a été estimée pour différents scénarios de contrôle afin d'évaluer, à terme, l'efficacité de mesures de biosécurité mises en place en élevage.

Hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease that is widespread in pigs and potentially severe in humans. Transmission between pigs occurs via the faecal-oral route, either by direct contact or via the environment. In addition, the main factor of propagation between farms is the transport of live animals. The pig production chain consists of many interconnected actors who form a complex network in space and time. This study aimed to test control scenarios at a national scale by considering the many transmission routes and movements of live animals. Pig movements from 2017-2020 provided by the French national pig traceability database (BDporc) were analysed.Exponential random-graph models were fitted for three subsets defined by the type of animals transported (sows, piglets or growing pigs) to estimate probabilities of contact between farms. The results were validated using cross validation of goodness-of-fit analysis and maps. The estimated contact probabilities and general characteristics of farms were used to build a demographic model that simulated pig movements at three levels − between pens, between production sectors and between farms − according to a deterministic schedule, but with random destinations weighted by the contact probabilities. Finally, the simulated dynamics were used to feed a multi-level stochastic epidemiological model that simulated within- and between-farm transmission. The prevalence of hepatitis E virus -positive pigs shipped to the slaughterhouse was estimated for different control scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of biosecurity measures implemented at the farm level.

Country
France
Keywords

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Pig, Hepatite E, Porc, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Spread, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Propagation, Hepatitis E

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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